Table 2.
Different biosensing platforms for virus detection.
| Biosensor | Pathogen | Detection target | Limit of detection | Linear range | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EC | SARS-CoV-2 | S or N protein | 19 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL | – | [103] |
| EC | SARS-CoV-2 | Antibodies | – | – | [101] |
| EC | SARS-CoV-2 | N-gene | 6.9 copies/μL | 585.4 to 5.854 × 107 copies/μL |
[99] |
| Cell-based | SARS-CoV-2 | Antigen | 1 fgmL1- | 10 fg and 1 μg mL1- | [105] |
| Optofluidic | SARS-CoV-2 | Antibody | 0.5 pM | 1- | [83] |
| Nanoplasmonic | SARS-CoV-2 | Virus particles | 370 vp/mL | 0 to 107 vp/mL | [80] |
| SPR | SARS-CoV-2 | Antibody | 1.02 pM | 2–1000 pM | [82] |
| LSPR | SARS-CoV-2 | RNA | 1 pM | 1 nM to 1 μM | [106] |
| Lateral flow optical/chemiluminescence | SARS-CoV-2 | Serum IgA | – | – | [78] |
| SERS-LFIA | SARS-CoV-2 | Antibody | 1.28 × 107-fold dilution | – | [79] |
| Lateral flow | SARS-CoV-2 | RNA | 12 copies/reaction | – | [57] |
| Liquid crystal | SARS-CoV-2 | RNA | – | – | [107] |
| Optomagnetic | SARS-CoV-2 | RdRp | 0.4 fM | 0.1–10 fM | [84] |