Table 1.
Developmental characteristics of the Birth-to-twenty Plus cohort participants through age 23 years and maternal characteristics.
| Variables | All (N) | Males | Females | p values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT20+ characteristics | ||||
| Childhood through late adolescence | ||||
| Stunting at age 2 yearsa | ||||
| No | 458 | 209 (72.6) | 249 (81.6) | 0.008 |
| Yes | 135 | 79 (27.4) | 56 (18.4) | |
| Pubertal development trajectories | ||||
| 1 (slowest) | 222 | 126 (24.3) | 96 (18.8) | N/A |
| 2 | 331 | 197 (38.0) | 134 (26.3) | |
| 3 | 289 | 136 (26.3) | 153 (30.0) | |
| 4 (fastest) | 186 | 59 (11.4) | 127 (24.9) | |
| BMI trajectoriesb (N = 810) | ||||
| 0 | 804 | 436 (94.0) | 368 (82.5) | N/A |
| 1 | 68 | 23 (5.0) | 45 (10.1) | |
| 2 | 19 | 5 (1.1) | 14 (3.1) | |
| 3 | 19 | N/A | 19 (4.3) | |
| At age 23 years | ||||
| Age (years)c | 996 | 23.3 (22.5; 23.5) | 23.2 (22.6; 23.5) | 0.57 |
| Height (cm)c | 997 | 171.8 (167.5; 175.7) | 159.9 (155.2; 164.0) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg)c | 989 | 61.4 (55.8; 69.9) | 61.8 (53.6; 71.6) | 0.83 |
| Body mass index. (kg/m2)c | 989 | 20.8 (19.2; 23.3) | 24.32 (21.0; 28.5) | <0.001 |
| Fat Mass (kg)c | 990 | 11.0 (8.7; 15.1) | 22.8 (17.4; 30.4) | <0.001 |
| Fat free mass (kg)c | 1036 | 43.8 (39.9; 48.0) | 32.6 (30.0; 36.6) | <0.001 |
| Maternal characteristics | ||||
| Maternal Paritya | ||||
| One child | 382 | 195 (37.3) | 187 (36.5) | 0.78 |
| More than one child | 654 | 328 (62.7) | 326 (63.6) | |
| Maternal Educationa | ||||
| Primary | 125 | 71 (13.6) | 54 (10.5) | 0.02 |
| Secondary | 437 | 234 (44.7) | 203 (39.6) | |
| University/college | 474 | 218 (41.7) | 256 (49.9) | |
| Maternal age at birth (years) | 1035 | 25 (21; 30) | 25 (21; 30) | 0.98 |
N/A not applicable.
aValues are N (Frequencies).
bMales BMI trajectories: (0) normal weight, (1) early onset overweight to normal and (2) early onset overweight to obese; Females BMI trajectories: (0) normal weight (1), late onset overweight (2), early onset obesity to overweight and (3) early onset obesity to morbid obese.
cValues are Medians (Inter-Quartile range (IQR)).