Table 2.
Bivariate associations between stunting at age 2 years and pubertal development, adult height and body composition in male and female participants of the Birth-to-twenty Plus cohort study (N = 1036).
| Variables | Males | Females |
|---|---|---|
| RRR (95% CI) | RRR (95% CI) | |
| Pubertal development trajectories | ||
| 1 vs. 2 | 0.48 (0.24; 0.95)** | 1.18 (0.55; 2.54) |
| 1 vs. 3 | 0.45 (0.22; 0.92)** | 0.41 (0.17; 1.00)* |
| 1 vs. 4 | 0.31 (0.12; 0.80)** | 0.45 (0.17; 1.15)* |
| BMI trajectories | ||
| 0 vs. 1 | 1.02 (0.26; 3.95) | 3.58 (1.58; 8.15)** |
| 0 vs. 2 | 1.35 (0.12; 15.21) | – |
| 0 vs. 3 | 0.98 (0.21; 4.62) | |
| Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
| Height at 23 years | −6.1 (0.73)*** | −4.5 (0.93)*** |
| Fat mass at 23 years | −0.04 (0.06) | −0.03 (0.06) |
| Fat free mass at 23 years | −0.33 (0.25) | −0.37 (0.28) |
Analyses are: multinomial logit models (risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals) for pubertal development and BMI trajectories; linear regression models (coefficient are simple linear regression coefficients; standard errors in parenthesis) for adult height, fat mass and fat free mass. Significance levels: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001; – shows perfect prediction and hence no estimates. All estimates are for stunted participants, with non-stunted participants as the reference. Males BMI trajectories: (0) normal weight, (1) early onset overweight to normal and (2) early onset overweight to obese; Females BMI trajectories: (0) normal weight, (1) late onset overweight (2), early onset obesity to overweight and (3) early onset obesity to morbid obese.