Table 1.
The Specifications of Studies Included in the Umbrella Review.
| First Author | Prevalence of depression | Prevalence of anxiety | Country | sample size (HCW) | Heterogeneity% I2 | Publication bias | Group study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Ren et al., 2020) | 25% (95% CI: 4–45) | 27% (95% CI: 12–43) | China | 6098 | Anxiety: 99.4 Depression: 99.7 |
Anxiety: *0.721 and **0.925 Depression: *0.348 and **0.594 |
healthcare workers |
| (de Pablo et al., 2020) | 17.9% (95% CI: 6.7–40.1) | 22.2% (95% CI: 12.7–35.8) | United Kingdom | 19,307 | Anxiety: 99.091 Depression: 99.621 |
NA | nurses, physicians, medical students, social workers |
| (Dutta et al., 2020) | 25.9% (95% CI: 18.4–34.1) | 24.5% (95% CI: 17.9–31.9) | India | 34,021 | Anxiety: 99.1 Depression: 99.5 |
NA | Doctors, nurses Other healthcare workers |
| (Krishnamoorthy et al., 2020) | 25% (95% CI: 19–32) | 24% (95% CI: 16–32) | India | 171,571 | Anxiety: 99.6 Depression: 99.4 |
Anxiety: *0.83 Depression: *0.89 |
healthcare workers |
| (Luo et al., 2020) | 25% (95% CI: 17–33) | 26% (95% CI:18–34) | China | 162,639 | Anxiety= 98.94 Depression = 99.19 |
NA | healthcare workers |
| (Pappa et al., 2020) | 22.8% (95% CI: 15.1–31.51) | 23.21% (95% CI: 17.77–29.13) | United Kingdom | 33,062 | Anxiety= 99 Depression = 99.62 |
NA | Physicians, nurses Other healthcare workers |
| (da Silva and Neto, 2020) | 36% (95% CI: 19–58) | 33% (95% CI: 24–45) | Brazil | 7102 | NA | funnel plot (asymmetric) | Physicians, nurses Other healthcare workers |
* = Egger's Test, ** = Begg's tests, NA = Not Applicable, HCW = Healthcare workers.