Table 2.
Current metabolic interventions in metastatic breast cancer.
| Targeting | Drugs | Phase | Populations | Clinical Trials | Study Date | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose metabolism | ||||||
| Hexokinase | 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) (alone and combined with docetaxel) |
Phase I | Locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors including breast cancer | NCT00096707 | 2004.02–2008.07 | Feasible but need further evidence (298) |
| Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase(PDK) | Dichloroacetate (DCA) | Phase II | Previously Treated metastatic breast cancer or non-small-cell lung cancer. | NCT01029925 | 2009.12–2011.11 | Suspended |
| Complex I | Metformin | Phase I/II/III | All breast cancer | Multiple clinical trials | Feasible but need further evidence (299) | |
| Lipid metabolism | ||||||
| FASN | TVB-2640 (combined with paclitaxel and trastuzumab) |
Phase II | HER2+ metastatic breast cancer resistant to trastuzumab and taxane-based therapy | NCT03179904 | 2017.08- | Unpublished |
| Amino acid metabolism | ||||||
| Glutaminase | CB-839 | Phase I | Advanced solid tumors including triple-negative breast cancer | NCT02071862 | 2014.02–2019.03 | Unpublished |
| CB-839 (combined with paclitaxel) | Phase II | Locally-advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer | NCT03057600 | 2017.05–2019.11 | Unpublished | |
| Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO1) | Indoximod (combined standard of care therapy (docetaxel or paclitaxel)) | Phase II | HER2- metastatic breast cancer | NCT01792050 | 2013.02–2017.07 | Cannot improve PFS (300) |
| Indoximod | Phase II | metastatic invasive breast cancer that is positive for p53 staining by IHC (>= 5%) | NCT01042535 | 2009.12–2018.02 | Unpublished | |
| Arginine deiminase (ADI) | ADI-PEG20 | Phase I | HER2- metastatic breast cancer or advanced solid tumor | NCT01948843 | 2014.04–2016.04 | Unpublished |