Table 2.

Effects of tau on the NVU in AD and other tauopathies.

Disease	Tau isoform	Effects	References
Alzheimer's disease	NFT	Small and medium size artery SMC loss occurs between early onset tau toxicity-Braak stage I and II–III, along with PHF perivascular deposition.	(23)
Pick's disease	Pick bodies	Microvasculature thinning, increased BV tortuosity, fragmented or twisted capillaries in association with decreased number of long microvessels and their branches.	(149)
Progressive supranuclear palsy	NFT	Tau immunoreactivity in brainstem vasculature.	(147)
Parkinsonism dementia complex of Guam	NFT	Reduced cerebral BV density and ramification, increased vascular fragmentation, and thin capillaries. String and coiling BVs, restricted to the areas affected by NFT.	(40, 150)
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy	NFT	Perivascular NFT in frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices. Astrocytic tangles detected around small cortical BVs.	(148)
Progressive supranuclear palsy	NFT	Cortical tau-positive dense-packed fibrils in astrocytes.	(151–153)
Corticobasal degeneration	NFT	Tau astrocytic plaques in gray and white matter of the cortex, basal ganglia, diencephalon, and rostral brainstem.	(154)
Pick's disease	Pick bodies	Reactive astrocytes containing hyperphosphorylated tau.	(155)