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. 2021 Jan 20;11:1851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80545-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Error bars (mean, 95% confidence interval) showing the occurrence of the yawning response (Y axis) as a function of the number of additional yawns emitted by subjects other than the yawn emitted by the last trigger (X axis). The variable has a significant main effect on the yawning response (results of Model₁ included in Table 1), with the response being highest when one or more additional yawn had been emitted compared to no additional yawn (Tukey post-hoc test with Bonferroni correction; no additional yawn versus other conditions: 0.001 < p ≤ 0.045. CI confidence interval.