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. 2021 Jan 20;11:1850. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81413-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Blood pressure profile of NSD and HSD over 5-months of treatments. (A) Systolic blood pressure (SBP), (B) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and (C) mean arterial pressure (MAP). (D) Representative H&E photomicrographs of cardiac myocytes obtained from rats fed with HSD or NSD for 1 month and 5 months. Arrow, nucleus of cardiac myocyte; C, vascular capillary; R, red blood cell. Scale bars, 20 μM. (E) Cardiac myocyte diameter of rats receiving HSD or NSD for 1 and 5 months. (F) Representative H&E photomicrographs of renal tissue obtained from rats fed with HSD or NSD for 1 month and 5 months. Bowman’s capsule (arrow) and glomerulus (G) were presented. Alteration of Bowman’s capsule areas was evident in HSD groups (arrowheads). Scale bars, 50 μm. (G,H) Quantitative analysis of the Bowman’s space and total Bowman’s capsule areas revealed an increase after the fifth month HSD consumption. Numbers of animals in each group are shown in parentheses. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared to period-matched NSD.