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. 2021 Jan 20;4:93. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01577-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Genetic material (RNA) of SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell and borrows ribosome to translate into 16 nonstructural proteins upon auto-proteolytic cleavage by PLpro and 3CLpro enzymes. Structural proteins (S, E, M, and N) are translated by sg translation mechanism. All mature proteins assemble along with positive-sense single stranded RNA genome to form new virion. Arrows indicates the protease cleavage sites. ORF open reading frame, PLP papain like protease, 3CLP 3-chymotrypsin like protease, S spike protein, E envelop protein, M membrane protein, N nucleocaspid protein.