TABLE 4.
Multinomial regression of better-than-average (BTA) and altruistic behaviors by sociodemographic latent classes.
| Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | ||||
| BTA and actual altruistic behaviors (Reference Group: Class 1) | Young-middle age (15–54), no religion, secondary-school, low-middle income ($13,000–$79,999) | Male, old (>65), no/other religion, primary or below | Middle age, Christian/Catholic, post-secondary or above, high-income (≥$80,000) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| BTA | 1.83 (0.84–4) | 0.13 | 0.94 (0.43–2.05) | 0.92 | 2.41 (1.11–5.24) | 0.04 |
| Altruistic behaviors | ||||||
| Formal volunteering | 1.29 (0.59–2.8) | 0.25 | 0.71 (0.33–1.54) | 0.34 | 1.52 (0.7–3.31) | 0.06 |
| Formal monetary donation | 0.34 (0.16–0.74) | 0.06 | 0.12 (0.06–0.27) | 0.00 | 0.72 (0.33–1.56) | 0.60 |
| Blood and organ donation | 3.57 (1.64–7.78) | 0.00 | 1.86 (0.86–4.06) | 0.18 | 5.23 (2.4–11.39) | 0.00 |
| Informal helping | 1.1 (0.5–2.39) | 0.58 | 1.08 (0.5–2.36) | 0.74 | 1.13 (0.52–2.46) | 0.48 |
| Class 1 | Class 3 | Class 4 | ||||
| BTA and actual altruistic behaviors (Reference Group: Class 2) | Female, middle-old (55–64), Buddhism, low-income | Male, old (>65), no/other religion, primary or below | Middle age, Christian/Catholic, post-secondary or above, high-income (≥$80,000) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| BTA | 0.54 (0.25–1.19) | 0.13 | 0.51 (0.24–1.12) | 0.10 | 1.31 (0.6–2.86) | 0.36 |
| Altruistic behaviors | ||||||
| Formal volunteering | 0.78 (0.36–1.69) | 0.25 | 0.55 (0.25–1.2) | 0.03 | 1.18 (0.54–2.57) | 0.23 |
| Formal monetary donation | 2.96 (1.36–6.44) | 0.06 | 0.37 (0.17–0.8) | 0.01 | 2.12 (0.97–4.62) | 0.04 |
| Blood and organ donation | 0.28 (0.13–0.61) | 0.00 | 0.52 (0.24–1.14) | 0.02 | 1.47 (0.67–3.19) | 0.01 |
| Informal helping | 0.91 (0.42–1.98) | 0.58 | 0.99 (0.45–2.15) | 0.95 | 1.03 (0.47–2.24) | 0.73 |
| BTA and actual | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 4 | |||
| altruistic behaviors (Reference Group: Class 3) | Female, middle-old (55–64), Buddhism, low-income | Young-middle age (15–54), no religion, secondary-school, low-middle income ($13,000–$79,999) | Middle age, Christian/Catholic, post-secondary or above, high-income (≥$80,000) | |||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| BTA | 1.06 (0.49–2.31) | 0.92 | 1.94 (0.89–4.23) | 0.10 | 2.55 (1.17–5.55) | 0.04 |
| Altruistic behaviors | ||||||
| Formal volunteering | 1.41 (0.65–3.07) | 0.34 | 1.82 (0.84–3.96) | 0.03 | 2.14 (0.98–4.67) | 0.01 |
| Formal monetary donation | 8.03 (3.69–17.48) | 0.00 | 2.72 (1.25–5.91) | 0.01 | 5.76 (2.65–12.54) | 0.00 |
| Blood and organ donation | 0.54 (0.25–1.17) | 0.18 | 1.92 (0.88–4.18) | 0.02 | 2.81 (1.29–6.12) | 0.00 |
| Informal helping | 0.92 (0.42–2.01) | 0.74 | 1.01 (0.46–2.2) | 0.95 | 1.04 (0.48–2.27) | 0.82 |
| BTA and actual | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | |||
| altruistic behaviors (Reference Group: Class 4) | Female, middle-old (55–64), Buddhism, low-income | Young-middle age (15–54), no religion, secondary-school, low-middle income ($13,000–$79,999) | Male, old (>65), no/other religion, primary or below | |||
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| BTA | 0.42 (0.19–0.9) | 0.04 | 0.3 (0.35–1.66) | 0.36 | 0.45 (0.18–0.85) | 0.04 |
| Altruistic behaviors | ||||||
| Formal volunteering | 0.22 (0.3–1.43) | 0.06 | 0.14 (0.39–1.85) | 0.23 | 0.29 (0.21–1.02) | 0.01 |
| Formal monetary donation | 0.63 (0.64–3.03) | 0.60 | 0.37 (0.22–1.03) | 0.04 | 0.48 (0.08–0.38) | 0.00 |
| Blood and organ donation | 0.34 (0.09–0.42) | 0.00 | 0.14 (0.31–1.49) | 0.01 | 0.30 (0.16–0.77) | 0.00 |
| Informal helping | 0.17 (0.41–1.93) | 0.48 | 0.09 (0.45–2.12) | 0.73 | 0.18 (0.44–2.09) | 0.82 |
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. Bold rows indicate statistically significant mean differences at significance level α = 0.05.