Table 5.

Distribution of XDR enterococci from dog specimens submitted by the teaching hospital in South Africa between 2007 and 2011, and the association between predictor variables and the outcome (XDR).

	Univariable model				The final model
Variable	x/n	%	95% CI	p-value*	OR	95% CI	p-value	p-valued
Year (n = 102)				0.0019			0.019	0.999
2007	6/11	54.6	23.4, 83.3		0.273	0.046, 1.616	0.152
2008	4/17	23.5	6.8, 49.9		0.109	0.019, 0.612	0.012
2009	13/49	26.5	14.9, 41.1		0.101	0.024, 0.422	0.002
2010	11/14	78.6	49.2, 95.3		0.078	0.010, 0.590	0.014
2011	2/11	18.2	2.3, 51.8		Re
Season (n = 102)				0.8454
Summer	14/37	37.8	22.5, 55.2
Autumn	10/26	38.5	20.2, 59.4
Winter	10/30	33.3	17.3, 52.8
Spring	2/9	22.2	2.8, 60.0
Breed group (n = 97)				0.7714
Herding	3/8	37.5	8.5, 75.5
Hound	5/14	35.7	12.8, 64.9
Non-sporting†	4/7	57.1	18.4, 90.1
Sporting	7/16	43.8	19.8, 70.1
Terrier	5/13	38.5	13.9, 68.4
Toy	8/21	38.1	18.1, 61.6
Working	4/18	22.2	6.4, 47.6
Age group (n = 98)				0.1559
<2 years	9/17	52.9	27.8, 77.0
2–4 years	10/27	37.0	19.4, 57.6
5–7 years	6/28	21.4	8.3, 41.0
>8 years	11/26	42.3	23.4, 63.1
Sex (n = 98)				0.0485
Female	27/62	43.5	31.0, 56.7
Male	8/36	22.2	10.0,39.2
Organ system (n = 86)				0.3137
Ear	7/19	36.8	16.3, 61.6
GIT	5/13	38.5	13.9, 68.4
Uro-genital	16/33	48.5	30.8, 66.5
Respiratory	1/8	12.5	0.3, 52.7
Skin	3/13	23.1	5.0, 53.8

x, Number of extensively resistant isolates; n, Number of samples tested.

^*p-values are Fisher's exact p-values except for Year which is Cochran-Armitage Exact Trend test.

^†Non-sporting dogs come from a wide variety of backgrounds and include: American Eskimo Dog, Bichon Frise, Boston Terrier, Bulldog, Chinese Shar-Pei, Chow Chow, Coton De Tulear, Dalmatian, Finish Spitz, French Bulldog, Keeshond, Lhasa Apso, Lowchen, Norwegian Lundhund, Poodle, Schipperke, Shiba Inu, Tibetan Spaniel, Tibetan Terrier, and Xoloitzcuintli.

^dHosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of fittest p-value.