Table 2.

Treatments to counteract neuronal hyperactivation in AD.

Compounds	Types	Models	Effects	References
Taurine	GABAA receptors agonist	Aβ1−42 oligomers in hippocampal cultures	hyperactivity by glutamate release	Brito-Moreira et al., 2011
Diazepam	Benzodiazepine	APP23 × PS45 mice	hyperactivity opening of GABAA receptor channels	Busche et al., 2008
GABA	Neurotransmitter	APP mice	Restore slow oscillations	Kastanenka et al., 2017, 2019
Midazolam	Benzodiazepine	APP23 × PS45 mice, Aβo injected mice	Rescue the frequency and long-range coherence of slow waves	Busche et al., 2015b
Clonazepam	Benzodiazepine	APP23 × PS45 mice	Rescue slow waves and sleep-dependent memory consolidation	Busche et al., 2015b
GNE-0723	Modulator of NMDAR-GluN2A	hAPP-J20 mice	low-frequency oscillations, network hypersynchrony, and memory deficits	Hanson et al., 2020
NB-360	Inhibitor of β-secretase BACE	APP23 × PS45 mice	prefibrillary Aβ, hyperactivity, and memory deficits	Keskin et al., 2017
LY-411575	Inhibitor of γ-secretase	APP23 × PS45 mice	soluble Aβ levels, hyperactivity, and cognitive deficits	Busche et al., 2012
Levetiracetam	Anti-epileptic	hAPP mice	epileptiform activity, hyperactivity, hypersynchrony, DNA double-strand breaks; memory performance	Sanchez et al., 2012; Suberbielle et al., 2013, 2015; Nygaard et al., 2015
		Humans with MCI	hyperactivity; memory performance	Putcha et al., 2011; Bakker et al., 2012
Pyruvate and 3-β-hydroxybutyrate supplement	Dietary energy substrates	APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice	Prevent energy metabolism deficits, hyperactivity, epileptiform activity	Zilberter et al., 2013
		Protofibrillar Aβ1−42 in hippocampal slices	Rescue network activity, synaptic function, LTP and energy metabolism	Zilberter et al., 2013