Table 3.
Delivery and neonatal outcomes by experimental group
| Total (n = 333) | Intervention (n = 168) | Control (n = 165) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivery outcomes | ||||
| Mode of delivery | 0.769 | |||
| Normal vaginal | 201 (60.4) | 104 (61.9) | 97 (58.8) | |
| Assisted vaginal* | 16 (4.8) | 7 (4.2) | 9 (5.5) | |
| CS | 116 (34.8) | 57 (33.9) | 59 (35.8) | |
| Elective | 56 (16.8) | 30 (17.9) | 26 (15.8) | |
| Emergency | 60 (18.0) | 27 (16.1) | 33 (20.0) | |
| Preterm | 24 (7.2) | 14 (8.3) | 10 (6.1) | 0.526 |
| Apgar score <7 at 1 min | 10 (3.0) | 6 (3.6) | 4 (2.4) | 0.750 |
| Apgar score <7 at 5 min | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.494 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3,060.1 ± 452.5 | 3,055.5 ± 414.9 | 3,064.8 ± 489.0 | 0.853 |
| Macrosomia >4 kg | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.2) | 0.245 |
| Neonatal outcomes | ||||
| Composite neonatal complications† | 152 (45.8) | 64 (38.1) | 88 (53.7) | 0.006 |
| Birth trauma | 13 (3.9) | 7 (4.2) | 6 (3.6) | 1.000 |
| Neonatal hypoglycemia | 61 (18.3) | 24 (14.3) | 37 (22.4) | 0.065 |
| Hyperbilirubinemia | 60 (18.0) | 27 (16.1) | 33 (20.0) | 0.355 |
| Respiratory distress | 53 (15.9) | 24 (14.3) | 29 (17.6) | 0.455 |
| NICU admission | 33 (9.9) | 12 (7.1) | 21 (12.7) | 0.100 |
| Perinatal death | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.495 |
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD.
*
Five vacuum and two forceps delivery in the intervention group and six vacuum and three forceps delivery in the control group.
†
Not prespecified.