Table B1.
Characteristics of Included Articles.
| Study | Year | Indication | No. of subjects | Stimulation parameter | Cycling: on vs. off | Frequency | Pulse width | Amplitude | Primary outcome | Wash‐out period | Follow‐up period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beer et al. (17) | 2016 | OAB | 23 | Intermittent stimulation | 16 sec on, 8 sec off | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | OABq SF scores | 3 months | 3 days |
| Cadish et al. (18) | 2016 | OAB | 23 | Intermittent stimulation |
16 sec on, 8 sec off;23 hours on, 1 hour off; 1 hour on, 2 hours off |
‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
IIQ‐7 score and Likert score; Number of voids/day and number of leaks/day |
13 days | 1 day |
| Hoen et al. (19) | 2007 | OAB | 19 | Intermittent stimulation | 8 hours on, 16 hours off | 14 Hz | 210 μsec | 1.1–2.9 V |
UDI‐6, IIQ‐7, PFDI‐20, PFIQ‐7, PISQ‐12, FIQLS, and FISI; Voiding diary |
2 weeks | 12 weeks |
| Markle Price and Noblett (20) | 2015 | OAB | 32 | Intermittent stimulation | 16 sec on, 8 sec off | 14 Hz | 210 μsec | ST | UIIQ and UDI; Voiding diary | 4 weeks | 3 days |
| Siegel et al. (21) | 2017 | OAB | 28 | Intermittent stimulation |
16 sec on, 8 sec off 10 min on, 10 min off 30 min on, 23.5 hours off |
‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
GRA scores; Incontinence episodes per day |
3 weeks | 1 week |
| Oerlemans et al. (22) | 2011 | OAB | 21 | Intermittent stimulation | On demand vs. continuous (min. 4 hours off) | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
UMQ; Voiding diary |
‐ | Not mentioned |
| Michelsen et al. (23) | 2008 | FI | 19 | Intermittent stimulation | Day on, night off | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
Wexner score, St. Mark's continence score; Bowel habit diary |
No wash‐out | 3 weeks |
| Norderval et al. (24) | 2013 | FI | 29 | Intermittent stimulation | 20 sec on, 8 sec off | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Bowel habit diary | ‐ | 3–34 months |
| Marcelissen et al. (25) | 2011 | OAB | 50 | Frequency | ‐ | 5.2, 10, 21, 40 Hz | 210 μsec | ST |
Questionnaire; Voiding diary |
1 day | 6 days |
| Peters et al. (26) | 2013 | OAB | 12 | Frequency | ‐ | 5.2, 14, 25 Hz | ‐ | ‐ |
11‐point VAS scale on pelvic pain; Voiding and bowel habit diaries |
1 day | 6 days |
| Dudding et al. (27) | 2009 | FI | 12 | Frequency + pulse width | ‐ |
6.9, 14, 31 Hz |
90, 210, 450 μsec | ST |
St. Mark's continence score, FIQLS; Bowel habit diary |
‐ | 2 weeks |
| Duelund‐Jakobsen et al. (28) | 2012 | FI | 15 | Frequency + pulse width | ‐ | 6.9, 14, 31 Hz | 90, 210, 330 μsec | ST |
FIQLS, CCCS, SMCS, GSRS‐IBS, 11‐point VAS scale for overall satisfaction; Bowel habit diary, anorectal measurements |
1 week | 3 weeks |
| Duelund‐Jakobsen et al. (29) | 2019 | FI | 17 | Frequency | ‐ | 14, 31 Hz | 90, 210 μsec | ‐ | FIQoL, CCCS, VAS scale for satisfaction; Bowel habit diary | 2 months | 12 months |
| Thomas et al. (30) | 2015 | Constipation | 11 | Frequency + pulse width | ‐ | 6.9, 14, 31 Hz | 90, 210, 450 μsec | ST |
CCCS, PAC‐SYM, PAC‐QOL, 101‐point VAS scale for satisfaction; Bowel habit diary |
2 weeks | 3 weeks |
| Duelund‐Jakobsen et al. (31) | 2015 | FI | 27 | Bilateral vs. unilateral SNM | ‐ | 14 Hz | 210 μsec | ST |
Wexner score, SMCS, GSRS‐IBS, FIQLS; Bowel habit diary, anorectal measurements |
1 week | 3 weeks |
| Duelund‐Jakobsen et al. (32) | 2013 | FI | 17 | Amplitude | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
50% ST; 75% ST; ST |
Wexner score, SMCS, GSRS‐IBS, FIQLS, 11‐point VAS score on satisfaction; Bowel habit diary, anorectal measurements |
1 week | 3 weeks |
| Duelund‐Jakobsen et al. (29) | 2019 | FI | 75 | Amplitude | ‐ | 14, 31 Hz | 90, 210 μsec |
50% ST; ST |
FIQoL, CCCS, VAS scale for satisfaction; Bowel habit diary | 2 months | 12 months |
| Koch et al. (33) | 2005 | FI | 8 | Amplitude | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
0.6 V < ST; 0.4 V < ST; 0.2 V < ST; ST |
Bowel habit diary | ‐ | 4 weeks |