Number	Risk mitigation measure	Effect on the pest	Evaluation and uncertainties on bare rooted plants	Evaluation and uncertainties on liners
1	Characteristics of the production field	Yes	Beetles may immigrate the production fields from the surrounding environment and attack plants grown in open fields. Plants grown in net house are not protected by the net.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties	Plants grown in net house are not protected by the net.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties
2	Soil treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
3	Rotation of the growing fields	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
4	Insecticide treatment	Yes	Residual efficacy of the applied insecticides may not protect the plants until the next application.Uncertainties:– It is not certain whether the beetle can be affected by the use of pesticides.	Residual efficacy of the applied insecticides may not protect the plants until the next application.Uncertainties:– It is not certain whether the beetle can be affected by the use of pesticides.
5	Fungicide treatment	Yes	Although the application of Myclobutanil is probably not targeting N. euwallaceae, the fungicide could have some effects in preventing pest establishment due to the fact that it is systemic. Based on the way this fungicide spread within the plant (it generally goes up), there is little chance that a spray application to the leaves could result in a significant effect down in the stem. The repeated use of myclobutanil may result in the development of resistance to the pesticide in the populations of the fungus.Captan is a preventative treatment. Therefore, it has no effects on plants that are already infected. Chilling storage is not expected to kill the fungus inside the plant.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the level to which Myclobutanil sprayed on leaves may be translocated down into the plant thereby preventing or curing infections.	Although the application of Myclobutanil is probably not targeting N. euwallaceae, the fungicide could have some effects in preventing pest establishment due to the fact that it is systemic. Based on the way this fungicide spread with the plant (it generally goes up), there is little chance that a spray application to the leaves could result in a significant effect down in the stem. The repeated use of myclobutanil may result in the development of resistance to the pesticide in the populations of the fungus.Captan is a preventative treatment. Therefore, it has no effects on plants that are already infected. Chilling storage is not expected to kill the fungus inside the plant.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the level to which Myclobutanil sprayed on leaves may be translocated down into the plant thereby preventing or curing infections.
6	Nematicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
7	Treatment against weeds	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
8	Plant treatment before export	Yes, for bare rooted plants	Rinsing the plants may remove the frass which is an evidence of beetle presence in the wood.Uncertainties:– There is no information whether the plants carrying frass are removed from the lot before rinsing.	Not applicable
9	Sampling and testing	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
10	Inspections during the production	Yes	Given the inspection frequency, it is likely that the frass caused by beetle and wilting caused by the fungus is detected. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– Considering the small size of the plants, it is difficult to find frass.– It is not known if the pesticide application is reliable for controlling the pest inside the wood.	Given the inspection frequency, it is likely that the frass caused by beetle and wilting caused by the fungus is detected. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– Considering the even smaller size of the plants, it is unlikely to find frass.– It is not known if the pesticide application is reliable for controlling the pest inside the wood.
11	Inspections before export	Yes	It is likely that the beetle is detected based on frass. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– There is no information whether the plants carrying frass are removed from the lot before rinsing.	It is likely that the beetle is detected based on frass. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– Considering the even smaller size of the plants it is unlikely to find frass.
12	Surveillance and monitoring	Yes	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented; however, E. fornicatus is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of E. fornicatus in the surrounding areas.	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented; however, E. fornicatus is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of E. fornicatus in the surrounding areas.