Number	Risk mitigation measure	Effect on the pest	Evaluation and uncertainties on bare rooted plants	Evaluation and uncertainties on liners
1	Characteristics of the production field	Yes	Beetles may immigrate the production fields from the surrounding environment and attack plants grown in open fields. Plants grown in net house are not protected by the net.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties	Plants grown in net house are not protected by the net.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties
2	Soil treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
3	Rotation of the growing fields	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
4	Insecticide treatment	Yes	Residual efficacy of the applied insecticides may not protect the plants for the full period covered by treatments.Uncertainties:– It is not certain whether the beetle can be affected by the use of pesticides.	Residual efficacy of the applied insecticides may not protect the plants for the full period covered by treatments.Uncertainties:– It is not certain whether the beetle can be affected by the use of pesticides.
5	Fungicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
6	Nematicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
7	Treatment against weeds	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
8	Plant treatment before export	Yes, for bare rooted plants	Rinsing the plants may remove the frass which is an evidence of the beetle present under the bark.Uncertainties:– There is no information whether the plants carrying frass are removed from the lot before rinsing.	Not applicable
9	Sampling and testing	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
10	Inspections during the production	Yes	Given the inspection frequency, it is likely that the frass caused by the beetle is detected. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– Considering the small size of the plants, it is difficult to find frass.– It is not known whether the pesticide application is reliable for controlling the pest under the bark.	Given the inspection frequency, it is likely that the frass caused by the beetle is detected. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– Considering the small size of the plants, it is difficult to find frass.– It is not known whether the pesticide application is reliable for controlling the pest under the bark.
11	Inspections before export	Yes	It is likely that the beetle is detected based on frass. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– There is no information whether the plants carrying frass are removed from the lot before rinsing.	It is likely that the beetle is detected based on frass. However, newly infested trees may be difficult to detect.Uncertainties:– Considering the even smaller size of the plants, it is unlikely to find frass.
12	Surveillance and monitoring	Yes	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented; however, H. leprieuri is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of H. leprieuri in the surrounding areas.	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented; however, H. leprieuri is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of H. leprieuri in the surrounding areas.