Number	Risk mitigation measure	Effect on the pest	Evaluation and uncertainties on bare rooted plants	Evaluation and uncertainties on liners
1	Characteristics of the production field	Yes	The production field condition does not allow isolation of the field used for growing plants for export.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties	The production field condition does not allow isolation of the field used for growing plants for export.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties
2	Soil treatment	Yes, for bare rooted plants	Solarisation is sufficient to suppress any scales eventually associated with old roots.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties	Not applicable
3	Rotation of the growing fields	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
4	Insecticide treatment	Yes	Pesticide sprays are generally effective against crawlers but have limited effectiveness against P. solenopsis when hidden in crevices, or protected by the waxy covering of its body.Issues with pesticides resistance should be avoided by rotation of the pesticides.Uncertainties:– There is one uncertainty whether the pesticide can effectively reach all the bark/root parts where the mealybugs are located because of the barrier effect of the leaves and soil.	Pesticide sprays are generally effective against crawlers but have limited effectiveness against P. solenopsis when hidden in crevices, or protected by the waxy covering of its body.Issues with pesticides resistance should be avoided by rotation of the pesticides.Uncertainties:– There is one uncertainty whether the pesticide can effectively reach all the bark/root parts where the mealybugs are located because of the barrier effect of the leaves and soil.
5	Fungicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
6	Nematicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
7	Treatment against weeds	Yes	As weeds can host mealybugs, the treatment should reduce the pressure on the crop.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty about the efficacy of the treatment and the species of weeds and whether they are host to P. solenopsis.	As weeds can host mealybugs, the treatment should reduce the pressure on the crop.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty about the efficacy of the treatment and the species of weeds and whether they are host to P. solenopsis.
8	Plant treatment before export	Yes	Partly effective because it is not clear whether the washing may remove the adults possibly hidden in crevices and holes. Mealybugs can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers with the naked eye.	Mealybugs can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers with the naked eye.
9	Sampling and testing	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
10	Inspections during the production	Yes	Mealybugs could go undetected because of the small size of the pest and difficulty in the search. In early stages of infestation and during dormancy symptoms may not be obvious.Uncertainties:– There is unclear detection limit.– The effectiveness of the inspection for mealybugs is not known.	Mealybugs could go undetected because of the small size of the pest and difficulty in the search. In early stages of infestation and during dormancy symptoms may not be obvious.Uncertainties:– There is unclear detection limit.– The effectiveness of the inspection for mealybugs is not known.
11	Inspections before export	Yes	Mealybugs could go undetected because of the small size of the pest and difficulty in the search, including roots. In early stages of infestation and during dormancy symptoms may not be obvious.Uncertainties:– There is unclear detection limit.– The effectiveness of the inspection for mealybugs is not known.	Mealybugs could go undetected because of the small size of the pest and difficulty in the search, including roots. In early stages of infestation and during dormancy symptoms may not be obvious.Uncertainties:– There is unclear detection limit.– The effectiveness of the inspection for mealybugs is not known.
12	Surveillance and monitoring	Yes	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented, however P. solenopsis is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of P. solenopsis in the surrounding areas.	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented, however P. solenopsis is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of P. solenopsis in the surrounding areas.