Number	Risk mitigation measure	Effect on the pest	Evaluation and uncertainties on bare rooted plants	Evaluation and uncertainties on liners
1	Characteristics of the production field	Yes	The production field condition does not allow isolation of the field used for growing plants for export.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties	The production field condition does not allow isolation of the field used for growing plants for export.Uncertainties:– No uncertainties
2	Soil treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
3	Rotation of the growing fields	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
4	Insecticide treatment	Yes	Pesticide sprays are generally effective against crawlers and less effective against the fixed stages of R. pustulans because of the wax covering of its body.Issues with pesticides resistance should be avoided by rotation of the pesticides.Uncertainties:– There is one uncertainty whether the pesticide can effectively reach all the bark parts where the scales are located because of the barrier effect of the leaves.	Pesticide sprays are generally effective against crawlers and less effective against the fixed stages of R. pustulans because of the wax covering of its body.Issues with pesticides resistance should be avoided by rotation of the pesticides.Uncertainties:– There is one uncertainty whether the pesticide can effectively reach all the bark parts where the scales are located because of the barrier effect of the leaves.
5	Fungicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
6	Nematicide treatment	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
7	Treatment against weeds	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
8	Plant treatment before export	Yes	Rinsing of the plants is not removing the pest. Scales can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers on the bark with the naked eye.	Cleaning of plant debris is not removing the pest. Scales can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers on the bark with the naked eye.
9	Sampling and testing	No	Not applicable	Not applicable
10	Inspections during the production	Yes	R. pustulans are generally detectable except at the crawler stage.Scales can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers on the bark with the naked eye.	R. pustulans are generally detectable except at the crawler stage.Scales can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers on the bark with the naked eye.
11	Inspections before export	Yes	Scales can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers on the bark with the naked eye.	Scales can be easily found during inspection with magnifying glasses which is triggered by the observation of suspected symptoms.Uncertainties:– There is uncertainty on the capacity to detect crawlers on the bark with the naked eye.
12	Surveillance and monitoring	Yes	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented; however, R. pustulans is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of R. pustulans in the surrounding areas.	Surveillance in the surrounding area is not implemented; however, R. pustulans is common in Israel.Uncertainties:– There is no information on the density of R. pustulans in the surrounding areas.