Table 2.
Sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle characteristics by study group and sex (n = 1272)
| Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| (n = 261) | (n = 364) | (n = 298) | (n = 349) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 45.2 (16.6) | 41.9 (14.4) | 45.0 (15.9) | 39.3 (14.4) |
| Age (categorized) | ||||
| < 50 years | 165 (63.2) | 266 (73.1) | 191 (64.1) | 274 (78.5) |
| 50+ years | 96 (36.8) | 98 (26.9) | 107 (35.9) | 75 (21.5) |
| Education (in years) | ||||
| 0–7 years | 69 (26.4) | 96 (26.4) | 115 (38.6) | 129 (36.9) |
| 7–11 years | 128 (49.1) | 161 (44.2) | 125 (42.0) | 136 (39.0) |
| > 12 years | 64 (24.5) | 107 (29.4) | 58 (19.5) | 84 (24.1) |
| Work | ||||
| Employed | 229 (87.8) | 112 (30.7) | 286 (96.0) | 99 (28.4) |
| Student | 10 (3.8) | 18 (5.0) | 6 (2.0) | 15 (4.3) |
| Homemaker & unpaid | 0 (0.0) | 223 (61.3) | 1 (0.3) | 223 (63.8) |
| retired | 10 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) |
| Unemployed | 11 (4.6) | 11 (3.0) | 5 (1.7) | 10 (2.9) |
| Pesticide exposure (ever) | ||||
| Yes | 28 (10.7) | 5 (1.4) | 199 (66.8) | 32 (9.2) |
| Sugarcane work | ||||
| Yes | 3 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 18 (6.0) | 6 (1.7) |
| Agriculture work | ||||
| Yes | 53 (20.3) | 9 (2.5) | 259 (86.9) | 107 (30.7) |
| Heat exposure at work | ||||
| Yes | 97 (37.2) | 16 (4.4) | 187 (62.8) | 71 (20.3) |
| Monthly household income | ||||
| < 850 PEN (≈258 USD) | 110 (48.9) | 194 (64.9) | 159 (61.2) | 231 (78.6) |
| Water source | ||||
| Piped water | 232 (99.1) | 305 (100.0) | 10 (3.4) | 15 (4.4) |
| Well | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 193 (66.4) | 229 (67.2) |
| River | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 62 (21.3) | 54 (15.8) |
| Trunk | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (8.9) | 43 (12.6) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Yes | 224 (85.8) | 330 (90.7) | 239 (80.6) | 315 (90.3) |
| Current smoking | ||||
| Yes | 63 (24.1) | 5 (1.4) | 81 (27.2) | 6 (1.7) |
| Heavy drinking | ||||
| Yes | 53 (20.3) | 7 (1.9) | 67 (22.5) | 3 (0.9) |
| Physical activity | ||||
| Low | 189 (72.4) | 334 (91.8) | 164 (55.0) | 288 (82.5) |
| Medicine intake risk | ||||
| Yes | 100 (38.3) | 222 (61.0) | 129 (43.3) | 194 (55.6) |
| Herbal medicine use | ||||
| Yes | 108 (41.4) | 154 (42.3) | 158 (53.0) | 181 (51.9) |