Table 3.
Clinical characteristics by study group and sex (n = 1272)
| Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| (n = 261) | (n = 364) | (n = 298) | (n = 349) | |
| SBP, mean (SD) | 118.3 (13.8) | 107.7 (13.5) | 120.0 (16.6) | 106.9 (14.9) |
| DBP, mean (SD) | 79.5 (9.9) | 75.4 (9.4) | 78.8 (10.6) | 73.8 (9.9) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 37 (14.2) | 23 (6.3) | 54 (18.1) | 29 (8.3) |
| Previous stroke | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) |
| High cholesterol | ||||
| Yes | 29 (11.1) | 59 (16.3) | 31 (10.7) | 89 (26.3) |
| Tuberculosis | ||||
| Yes | 5 (1.9) | 2 (0.6) | 9 (3.0) | 5 (1.4) |
| Hepatitis B | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.8) | 6 (1.4) | 1 (0.3) |
| Leptospirosis | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) |
| CKD (self-report) | ||||
| Yes | 50 (19.2) | 67 (18.4) | 42 (14.1) | 55 (16.1) |
| Urolithiasis | ||||
| Yes | 46 (17.6) | 58 (15.9) | 38 (12.8) | 50 (14.3) |
| Glucose, mean (SD) | 88.6 (16.9) | 90.3 (20.2) | 88.7 (16.0) | 88.8 (21.7) |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 4 (1.5) | 9 (2.5) | 5 (1.7) | 9 (2.6) |
| Body fat %, mean (SD) | 23.6 (6.0) | 38.4 (6.3) | 23.5 (5.7) | 38.3 (6.3) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | 27.3 (4.4) | 28.5 (4.6) | 25.7 (3.8) | 27.5 (4.5) |
| BMI categorized | ||||
| Normal | 77 (29.5) | 83 (22.8) | 129 (43.3) | 102 (29.2) |
| Overweight | 122 (46.7) | 152 (41.8) | 128 (43.0) | 151 (43.3) |
| Obese | 62 (23.8) | 129 (35.4) | 41 (13.7) | 96 (27.5) |
| Creatinine, mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) |
| eGFR, mean (SD) | 100.6 (17.4) | 111.5 (16.0) | 104.1 (16.0) | 114.0 (17.3) |
| Urine density | ||||
| ≥1020 | 166 (63.6) | 203 (55.8) | 216 (72.5) | 230 (65.9) |
| Urine protein | ||||
| Negative | 260 (99.6) | 363 (99.7) | 297 (99.7) | 348 (99.7) |
| Trace | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Positive | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) |
| Glucosuria | ||||
| ≥ 250 mg/dl | 6 (2.3) | 7 (1.9) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (1.4) |