Table 2.
Positivity rate for methylated BCAT1, IKZF1 and IRF4 in each clinical phenotype
| N | BCAT1 | IKZF1 | IRF4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n, Posa (%, 95% CI) | OR (95% CI)b | n, Pos. (%, 95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | n, Pos. (%, 95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| All cases | 1620 | 173 (10.7, 9–12) | – | 185 (11.4, 10–13) | – | 138 (8.5, 7–9) | – |
| Cancer | 184 | 87 (47.3, 40–55) | 15.8 (10–24)* | 109 (59.2, 52–66) | 32.6 (21–51)* | 92 (50.0, 43–57) | 44.6 (26–77)* |
| Early stage | 98 | 38 (38.8, 29–49) | 11.2 (7–19)* | 51 (52.0, 42–62) | 24.3 (15–41)* | 40 (40.8, 31–51) | 30.7 (17–56)* |
| Late stage | 84 | 48 (57.1, 46–68) | 23.5 (14–40)* | 56 (66.7, 56–77) | 44.9 (26–80)* | 50 (59.5, 48–70) | 65.5 (35–124)* |
| Stage I | 41 | 8 (19.5, 10–34) | 4.3 (2–10)* | 11 (26.8, 13–41) | 8.2 (4–18)* | 7 (17.1, 5–29) | 9.2 (4–23)* |
| Stage II | 57 | 30 (52.6, 40–65) | 19.6 (11–35)* | 40 (70.2, 58–82) | 52.8 (27–99)* | 33 (57.9, 45–71) | 61.3 (30–122)* |
| Stage III | 51 | 23 (45.1, 33–59) | 14.5 (8–27)* | 33 (64.7, 51–78) | 41.1 (21–81)* | 28 (54.9, 41–69) | 54.2 (27–112)* |
| Stage IV | 33 | 25 (75.8, 59–87) | 55.1 (24–121)* | 23 (69.7, 53–86) | 51.6 (23–114)* | 22 (66.7, 50–84) | 89.1 (36–209)* |
| Unstaged | 2 | 1 (50.0, 3.–97) | 17.6 (91–335) | –* | 2 (100, 16–100) | –* | |
| Adenoma | 616 | 42 (6.8, 5–9) | 1.3 (1–2) | 41 (6.7, 5–9) | 1.6 (1–3) | 28 (4.5, 3–6) | 2.1 (1–4)* |
| Advanced | 337 | 29 (8.6, 6–12) | 1.7 (1–3)* | 29 (8.6, 6–12) | 1.7 (1–3)* | 20 (5.9, 3–9) | 2.8 (2–5)* |
| Non-advanced | 279 | 13 (4.7, 3–8) | 0.7 (0.5–2) | 12 (4.3, 2–7) | 1.0 (0.5–2) | 8 (2.9, 1–5) | 1.3 (0.6–3) |
| HGDc | 35 | 5 (14.3, 6–30) | 2.9 (1–8)* | 6 (17.1, 8–33) | 4.6 (2–12)* | 7 (20.0, 10–36) | 11.1 (4–29)* |
| LGDc | 549 | 35 (6.4, 5–9) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 32 (5.8, 4–8) | 1.4 (1–2) | 18 (3.3, 2–5) | 1.5 (0.8–3) |
| No Neoplasia | 820 | 44 (5.4, 4–7) | Ref | 35 (4.3, 3–6) | Ref | 18 (2.2, 1–3) | Ref |
| Non-neoplastic pathologiesd | 252 | 14 (5.6, 3–8) | – | 9 (3.6, 1–6) | – | 10 (4.0, 2–6) | – |
| Healthy colon | 568 | 30 (5.3, 3–7) | – | 26 (4.6, 3–6) | – | 8 (1.4, 0.4–2) | – |
aAt least one PCR replicate positive for DNA methylation
bOdds ratio (95% CI) compared to cases without neoplasia (Ref), *p values < 0.05
cThe severity of dysplasia was available for 584 of 616 adenomas; HGD, high grade dysplasia; LGD, low grade dysplasia
dBenign polyps (hyperplastic, unspecified, inflammatory, other polyps), inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, angiodysplasia, hemorrhoids