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. 2020 Aug 10;16(1):36–42. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.286949

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Copyright: © 2021 Neural Regeneration Research

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CSF biomarkers in MS: pathophysiological rationale and association with cognitive impairment.

(A) Pathophysiological mechanisms in MS and the corresponding CSF biomarkers that have been investigated in cognitive impairment. (B) Association between CSF biomarkers and impairment in different cognitive domains in MS patients. Aβ₄₂: Amyloid β42; CHI3L1: chitinase 3-like protein 1; CHI3L2: chitinase 3-like protein 2; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; MS: multiple sclerosis; NfL: neurofilament light chain; OCB: oligoclonal bands; ROS: reactive oxygen species.