Table 1.
Overview of the studies performed on CSF biomarkers and cognitive performance in MS patients
| CSF biomarker | Studies | Patients | Neuropsychological evaluation | Association with overall CI | Association with specific cognitive domains |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NfL | Modvig et al. (2015) | 86 ON | PASAT | N/A | Trend towards negative correlation with follow-up IPS |
| Quintana et al. (2018) | 51 MS | BRBN and TMT-A | N/A | Negative correlation with verbal fluency scores | |
| Kalatha et al. (2019) | 27 RRMS | BICAMS | Negative correlation with BICAMS score in progressive MS | Negative correlation with BVMT scores (visuospatial memory) | |
| 2 SPMS | |||||
| 5 PPMS | |||||
| Gaetani et al. (2019b) | 28 RRMS | BRBN | Higher in patients with overall CI | Higher in patients with IPS and verbal fluency impairment | |
| Aβ42 | Mori et al. (2011) | 4 CIS | BRBN | Lower in patients with overall CI | Positive correlation with SDMT and PASAT scores (IPS) |
| 17 RRMS | |||||
| OCB | Anagnostouli et al. (2015) | 59 RRMS | TMT-A and TMT-B | No significant differences between OCB+ and OCB– | OCB+ worst performance on RCFT (visual memory) |
| 35 SPMS | Stroop test, WAIS | ||||
| 13 PPMS | RAVLT, BSRT | ||||
| RCFT copy | |||||
| COWAT, WCST | |||||
| CHI3L1 | Modvig et al. (2015) | 86 ON | PASAT | N/A | Negative correlation with follow-up IPS |
| Quintana et al. (2018) | 51 MS | BRBN and TMT-A | N/A | Negative correlation with IPS scores | |
| CHI3L2 | Møllgaard et al. (2016) | 73 ON | PASAT | N/A | Negative correlation with follow-up IPS |
Aβ42: Amyloid β peptide 42; BICAMS: Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis; BRBN: Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests; BSRT: Babcock Story Recall Test; BVMT: Brief Visuospatial Memory Test; CHI3L1: chitinase 3-like protein 1; CHI3L2: chitinase 3-like protein 2; CI: cognitive impairment; CIS: clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis; COWAT: Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; IPS: information processing speed; MS: multiple sclerosis; NfL: neurofilament light chain; N/A: not assessed; OCB: oligoclonal bands; ON: optic neuritis; PASAT: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; PPMS: primary progressive multiple sclerosis; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; RCFT: Rey’s Complex Figure Test; RRMS: relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; TMT-A: Trail Making Test A; TMT-B: Trail Making Test B; WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WCST: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.