Table 1.

Clinical grade neural stem cell products

Name	Initial source	Processing method	Cell source	Preclinical studies evidence	Clinical trials	Disease	Limitations	References
CTX0E3	Allogeneic	Transfection with c-mycER	Immortalizing human neural stem cell line	Neurogenesis and angiogenesis (exosome)	NCT01151124	Chronic ischemic stroke	Long period recovery after enrollment	Stroemer et al., 2009; Kalladka et al., 2016
NT2N	Allogeneic	Neuronal phenotype in vitro following retinoic acid treatment	Clonal human teratocarcinoma cell line	Dopaminergic phenotypes	Nelson et al. (2002)	PD, HD, trauma	Tumor formation experienced; apoptotic-like cell death; negligible therapeutic influence for stroke	Borlongan et al., 1998; Hurlbert et al., 1999; Baker et al., 2000; Nelson et al., 2002
SB623	Allogeneic	Transfection expression vector containing Notch-1 intracellular domain	Bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells	Neurotrophic, angiogenic, and neuroprotective effects	NCT01287936	Chronic stable stroke & trauma	Less studies and trials; nonrandomized design	Dezawa et al., 2004; Steinberg et al., 2016
NSI-566	Allogeneic	A single fetal spinal cord without genetic modification	Primary adherent human neural stem cell line	Integrate with host tissues; Immunosuppressive effects	NCT03296618	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury	Less clinical trials	Glud et al., 2016; Curtis et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019a

c-mycER: c-myc gene fused with a mutated estrogen receptor; HD: Huntington’s disease; PD: Parkinson’s disease.