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. 2021 Jan 20;9:16. doi: 10.1186/s40168-020-00955-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Representation of the use of FBA to study the complex host-microbe interactions. A bacterial metabolic compartment is placed in a compartment which is connected to a metabolic compartment representing a host cell. The host cell compartment is connected to another compartment representing the bloodstream of the host. Arrows between the different compartments indicate exchange reactions. Solid arrows represent influx of metabolites into the system, which represents metabolites originating from the diet and/or metabolites present in the bloodstream. Dashed arrows represent efflux of metabolites out of the system symbolizing metabolites excreted in feces and/or translocating in the bloodstream