Table 3.
Standard and robust standard errors
| Variable | Standard error for Model IV | Robust standard error |
|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||
| Male | – | – |
| Female | 0.092 | 0.055 |
| Birth order | ||
| 1 | – | – |
| 2–3 | 0.317 | 0.376 |
| ≥ 4 | 0.344 | 0.324 |
| Educational level | ||
| None | – | – |
| Primary | 0.118 | 0.141 |
| Middle/JHS/JSS | 0.122 | 0.161 |
| Secondary or above | 0.369 | 0.137 |
| Tetanus toxoid | ||
| Yes | – | – |
| No | 0.101 | 0.136 |
| Gravidity | ||
| 1 | – | – |
| 2–4 | 0.323 | 0.213 |
| ≥ 5 | 0.373 | 0.270 |
| Maternal age at delivery | ||
| < 20 | – | – |
| 20–34 | 0.153 | 0.165 |
| 35+ | 0.206 | 0.258 |
| Previous adverse pregnancies | ||
| Yes | 0.141 | 0.194 |
| No | – | – |
| Place of delivery | ||
| Hospital | – | – |
| Health Centre/Clinic | 0.209 | 0.084 |
| Private maternity home | 0.209 | 0.094 |
| TBA’s house | 0.390 | 0.272 |
| At home | 0.110 | 0.064 |
| Other | 0.510 | 0.502 |
| Gestational age | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Household wealth | ||
| Poorest | – | – |
| Poorer | 0.144 | 0.121 |
| Third | 0.150 | 0.104 |
| Second | 0.141 | 0.126 |
| Wealthiest | 0.137 | 0.142 |
| Crowding | 0.034 | 0.031 |
| Ethnic heterogeneity | ||
| Least fractionalised | – | – |
| Moderately fractionalised | 0.350 | 0.319 |
| Highly fractionalised | 0.300 | 0.309 |
| Distance to nearest health facility | 0.062 | 0.060 |
| Travel time to water source | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Poverty | 0.022 | 0.022 |
| Sanitation | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Water safety | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Community education | 0.058 | 0.059 |