Table 1.
Summary of selected studies
| Authors | Study type | N | Duration | Assessment | Agent & dose | Concurrent analgesics | Delivery method | Adverse side effects | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habib and Avisar (2018) | Online self-report survey | 383 FM patients; 85% female | N/A | Self-report survey | 31.4 ± 16.3 g; Self-report 3+ strains used (not specified); whole plant material and oil extract | 15% | Inhalation (smoking) (80%); oral administration (oil) (5%); vaporization (15%) | Eye & throat irritation | Better sleep (94%); Decreased pain (93%) |
| Habib and Artul (2018) | Retrospective review | 26 FM patients; 73% female | N/A | FIQR; self-report survey | 26 ± 8.3 g per month; species not specified; whole plant material and oil extract | 59% | Inhalation (smoking) (58%); vaporization (23%); both (14%); inhalation (smoking) & oral administration (oil) (8%) | Dry mouth (27%); red eyes (27%); hunger (15%) | Increased capacity for work (46%) |
| Sagy et al. (2019) | Prospective observational study | 367 FM patients; 82% female | 6 months | Pain intensity assessment; QOL | Varied gradual titration; 14 strains (not specified); whole plant material and oil extract | Y | Inhalation (smoking); oral administration (oil) | Mild dizziness (7.9%); Dry mouth (6.7%); Gastrointestinal symptoms (5.4%) | Better sleep (73.4%); decreased depression (80.8%); Pain reduced (44%) |
| Van de Donk et al. (2019) | Experimental randomized study | 20 FM patients; 100% female | 3 h | Pressure and electrical pain thresholds; spontaneous pain scores | Bedrocan (22.4 mg); Bedrolite (18.4 mg); Bediol (13.4 mg); Placebo | N | Vaporization (100%) | Drug high Bedrocam (80%); coughing (70%); nausea (15%); dizzy (15%); sore throat (10%) | Bediol 30% reduction in pain scores; THC correlated with an increase in pain threshold |
| Yassin et al. (2019) | Observational cross-over study | 31 FM patients; 90% female | 3–6 months | FIQR; VAS; ODI; SF-12; ROM | 20 g; strain not specified; whole plant material | Y | Inhalation (smoking); vaporization | Red eyes (90%); Constipation (50%); loss of appetite (26%) | Decreased pain intensity; increased ROM |
FM Fibromyalgia, FIQR Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, QOL Quality of Life, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, ODI Oswestry Disability Index, SF-12 Short Form Health Survey, ROM Range of Motion