Table 6.

Correlation and trend with age between 12 question items and an incompetent lip seal

Question item	Total “yes” and “think so” [n (%)]	Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient		Cochran-Armitage test for trend with increasing age (p value)
		Correlation	p value	Total	Boys	Girls
29. Are your child’s lips droopy?	705 (20.7)	0.602***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
19. Does your child sleep with their mouth open?	1565 (46.0)	0.542***	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.003	0.008
15. Is your child’s mouth often dry?	635 (18.7)	0.385***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
28. Are your child’s teeth visible between their upper and lower lips?	414 (12.2)	0.314***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
20. Can your child keep their mouth closed for about 1 minute?	297 (8.7)	−0.257***	< 0.001	0.033	0.543	0.012
42. Is your child a noisy eater?	672 (19.8)	0.248***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
7. Does your child’s nose become stuffed easily while sleeping?	957 (28.2)	0.237***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.006
43. Does your child keep their mouth closed when they eat?	988 (29.1)	−0.232***	< 0.001	0.004	0.087	0.017
21. Does your child have an overbite?	542 (15.9)	0.231***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
6. Does your child’s nose become stuffed easily during the day?	1132 (33.3)	0.227***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
17. Do people tell your child that they have bad breath during day?	478 (14.1)	0.219***	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
16. Do people tell your child that they have bad breath in the morning?	1226 (36.1)	0.209***	< 0.001	0.002	0.010	0.022

***p < 0.001