Evolutionary relationships of ACE2 and DPP4 proteins across various animal species. (a, b) Phylogenetic relationships of ACE2 and DPP4 orthologues across various animal species. Species that are known or suspected to be infected by either virus are indicated, namely cats, bats and the dromedary camel. Each tip in the tree represents a sequence from a different animal species, and the tips are annotated by coloured circles representing percentage identity to their human orthologue. Node labels represent bootstrap support as a fraction of a circle, where a greater proportion of the circle being black indicates a greater proportion of bootstrap support. The full list of sequences and their identities are available in Table S1. (c, d) Conservation of residues within the virus spike–receptor interfaces for ACE2 and DPP4 across animal species.