Table 2.
Multivariate analysis of parameters for the prediction of survival outcomes in 829 non-metastatic RCC patients.
| Parameter | Overall survival | Cancer-specific survival | Metastasis-free survival | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Age, years (≥65/<65) | 1.746 | 0.963–3.166 | 0.066 | 1.484 | 0.725–3.037 | 0.280 | 1.379 | 0.849–2.239 | 0.194 |
| Gender (male/female) | – | – | 1.487 | 0.878–2.517 | 0.140 | ||||
| ASA grade (≥3/<3) | 1.861 | 0.930–3.724 | 0.079 | 2.254 | 0.897–5.663 | 0.084 | 1.199 | 0.605–2.376 | 0.604 |
| BMI, kg/m2 (≥25/<25) | 0.504 | 0.217–1.168 | 0.110 | – | 0.403 | 0.202–0.803 | 0.010* | ||
| Anemia (yes/no) | 1.421 | 0.777–2.597 | 0.254 | 0.976 | 0.460–2.071 | 0.949 | 0.970 | 0.538–1.751 | 0.920 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (yes/no) | 0.973 | 0.535–1.772 | 0.930 | 0.697 | 0.317–1.529 | 0.368 | 0.789 | 0.437–1.424 | 0.432 |
| Surgical approach (Partial nephrectomy/Radical nephrectomy) | – | 0.484 | 0.135–1.744 | 0.267 | – | ||||
| CKD stage | |||||||||
| CKD1 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 |
| CKD2–3 vs. CKD1 | 1.541 | 0.556–4.270 | 0.406 | 1.897 | 0.602–5.978 | 0.274 | 1.251 | 0.470–3.330 | 0.654 |
| CKD4–5 vs. CKD1 | 2.611 | 0.775–8.795 | 0.122 | 0.930 | 0.114–7.596 | 0.946 | 2.579 | 0.902–7.370 | 0.077 |
| Pathologic T stage | |||||||||
| pT1 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 |
| pT2 vs pT1 | 1.454 | 0.591–3.571 | 0.415 | 1.279 | 0.445–3.674 | 0.648 | 1.770 | 0.798–3.926 | 0.160 |
| pT3 vs pT1 | 2.340 | 1.066–5.136 | 0.034* | 2.554 | 0.982–6.641 | 0.055 | 2.234 | 1.122–4.451 | 0.022* |
| pT4 vs pT1 | 8.658 | 2.253–33.274 | 0.002* | 8.127 | 1.568–42.112 | 0.013* | 6.379 | 1.777–22.895 | 0.004* |
| Fuhrman grade (≥3/<3) | 2.386 | 1.364–4.173 | 0.002* | 3.106 | 1.532–6.296 | 0.002* | 1.891 | 1.172–3.052 | 0.009* |
| Tumor necrosis (yes/no) | – | 0.940 | 0.285–3.097 | 0.918 | – | ||||
| Tumor size, cm (≥7/<7) | 1.040 | 0.479–2.257 | 0.921 | 1.497 | 0.600–3.737 | 0.387 | 1.030 | 0.517–2.051 | 0.933 |
| Fib-PNI-MLR | |||||||||
| 0–1 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 |
| 2 vs. 0–1 | 3.588 | 1.695–7.597 | 0.001* | 5.181 | 1.911–14.046 | 0.001* | 1.426 | 0.756–2.691 | 0.273 |
| 3 vs. 0–1 | 6.471 | 2.969–14.107 | <0.001* | 9.807 | 3.622–26.548 | <0.001* | 3.368 | 1.781–6.371 | <0.001* |
| NLR (≥3.30/<3.30) | 1.274 | 0.724–2.240 | 0.401 | 1.464 | 0.716–2.992 | 0.296 | 1.533 | 0.911–2.578 | 0.107 |
| PLR (≥184.16/<184.16) | 0.805 | 0.436–1.487 | 0.489 | 0.954 | 0.463–1.963 | 0.897 | 1.223 | 0.712–2.099 | 0.466 |
| BUN (≥7.2/<7.2), mg/dl | 0.979 | 0.466–2.058 | 0.955 | – | 1.464 | 0.796–2.693 | 0.220 | ||
*P < 0.05.
RCC, renal cell carcinoma; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; OS, overall survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival; MFS, metastatic-free survival; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-lymphocyte ratio; BUN, urea nitrogen.