Table 2. Association between maternal E-DII and DASH scores (per 1-SD increase) and binary offspring outcomes in the ALPHABET consortium.
| Low birth weight | SGA | Macrosomia | LGA | Preterm birth | Postterm birth | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | |
| E-DII | ||||||||||||
| Pre | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) | 0 | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 0 | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 0 | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | 0 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) | 0 | 1.10 (0.92, 1.31) | 0 |
| P value | 0.06 | 0.73 | 0.08 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.41 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 0.31 | 0.38 |
| Np/Nc | 4,119/2 | 4,119/2 | 4,065/2 | 4,119/2 | 4,137/2 | 4,137/2 | ||||||
| Preg | 1.14 (1.04, 1.26) | 27 | 1.18 (1.11, 1.26) | 0 | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) | 49 | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 63 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) | 40 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 15 |
| P value | 0.008 | 0.23 | <0.001 | 0.93 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.58 | 0.012 | 0.75 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.31 |
| Np/Nc | 23,571/7 | 23,370/7 | 23,938/7 | 23,791/7 | 23,953/7 | 23,998/7 | ||||||
| Early | 1.19 (1.08, 1.32) | 0 | 1.17 (1.07, 1.29) | 0 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 52 | 1.02 (0.91, 1.13) | 72 | 1.10 (1.003, 1.21) | 0 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 0 |
| P value | 0.001 | 0.97 | 0.001 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.08 | 0.75 | 0.007 | 0.042 | 0.74 | 0.89 | 0.81 |
| Np/Nc | 10,441/5 | 10,291/5 | 10,863/5 | 10,712/5 | 10,677/5 | 10,722/5 | ||||||
| Late | 1.04 (0.84, 1.30) | 72 | 1.18 (1.09, 1.28) | 0 | 0.93 (0.83, 1.04) | 59 | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) | 22 | 0.97 (0.82, 1.16) | 66 | 1.07 (0.87,1.31) | 68 |
| P value | 0.70 | 0.029 | <0.001 | 0.50 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 0.74 | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.044 |
| Np/Nc | 15,621/3 | 15,570/3 | 15,566/3 | 15,570/3 | 15,784/3 | 15,784/3 | ||||||
| DASH | ||||||||||||
| Pre | 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) | 81 | 0.85 (0.71, 1.02) | 33 | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) | 0 | 1.05 (0.92, 1.20) | 51 | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0 | 0.90 (0.67, 1.20) | 50 |
| P value | 0.51 | 0.023 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.43 | 0.61 | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.49 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 0.16 |
| Np/Nc | 4,119/2 | 4,119/2 | 4,065/2 | 4,119/2 | 4,137/2 | 4,137/2 | ||||||
| Preg | 0.89 (0.82, 0.95) | 0 | 0.87 (0.82, 0.94) | 7 | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) | 35 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.12) | 48 | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 13 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 38 |
| P value | 0.001 | 0.49 | <0.001 | 0.38 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.62 | 0.14 |
| Np/Nc | 23,570/7 | 23,369/7 | 23,936/7 | 23,790/7 | 23,952/7 | 23,997/7 | ||||||
| Early | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 0 | 0.82 (0.74, 0.90) | 0 | 1.04 (0.97, 1.11) | 14 | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) | 41 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 36 | 0.96 (0.85, 1.07) | 14 |
| P value | 0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.79 | 0.18 | 0.44 | 0.33 |
| Np/Nc | 10,440/5 | 10,290/5 | 10,861/5 | 10,711/5 | 10,676/5 | 10,721/5 | ||||||
| Late | 0.92 (0.84, 1.002) | 0 | 0.87 (0.77, 0.99) | 43 | 1.07 (0.95, 1.19) | 57 | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 66 | 0.95 (0.88, 1.03) | 0 | 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) | 64 |
| P value | 0.06 | 0.87 | 0.037 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.54 | 0.46 | 0.06 |
| Np/Nc | 15,620/3 | 15,569/3 | 15,565/3 | 15,569/3 | 15,783/3 | 15,783/3 |
Values are adjusted pooled effect estimates [OR (95% CI)] expressed for a 1-SD increment in dietary scores, heterogeneity measure (I2), and number of participants and studies included (Np/Nc) across different outcomes and conception periods, as labeled. Effect estimates were adjusted for maternal education, ethnicity, prepregnancy BMI, maternal height, parity, energy intake (for DASH), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and child sex.
DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; Early, early pregnancy; E-DII, energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index; I2, I-squared; Late, late pregnancy; LGA, large-for-gestational-age; Nc, number of cohorts included; Np, number of participants included; OR, odds ratio; Pre, prepregnancy; Preg, pregnancy; SGA, small-for-gestational-age.