Table 1.
Wristband Concentrations of Brominated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Estersa
| targeted contaminant | acronym | detection frequency (%) | range (ng/g) | geometric mean (ng/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brominated Flame Retardants BFRs | ||||
| 2,4,4′-tribromodiphenyl ether, 2′,3,4-tribromodiphenyl ether | BDE-28,33 | 94.4 | <MDL–76.1 | 4.1 |
| 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-47 | 94.4 | <MDL–2356.8 | 75.0 |
| 2,2′,4,4′,6-pentabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-100 | 79.2 | <MDL–562.5 | 12.6 |
| 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-153 | 100.0 | 0.9–203.6 | 4.3 |
| 2,2′,4,4′,5,6′-hexabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-154 | 93.1 | <MDL–118.0 | 3.2 |
| decabromodiphenyl ether | BDE-209 | 100.0 | 12.9–276.3 | 31.4 |
| 2-ethylhexyl tetrabromobenzoate | EH-TBB | 100.0 | 4.5–2033.2 | 72.8 |
| bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate | BEH-TEBP | 95.8 | 8.2–814.0 | 70.0 |
| Organophosphate Esters OPEs | ||||
| tri(n-butyl) phosphate | TnBP | 100.0 | 12.7–2397.9 | 52.6 |
| tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine | TCEP | 68.9 | <MDL–258.8 | 22.4 |
| tris(1-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate | TCIPP | 98.6 | <MDL–7907.4 | 319.1 |
| tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate | TDCIPP | 100.0 | 26.4–16272.7 | 359.6 |
| tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate | TBOEP | 82.4 | <MDL–11376.6 | 470.8 |
| triphenyl phosphate | TPHP | 100.0 | 22.2–2168.6 | 267.1 |
| ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate | EHDPP | 100.0 | 10.0–739.9 | 49.0 |
| 2-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | 2-IPPDPP | 100.0 | 7.9–1610.9 | 114.5 |
| 3-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | 3-IPPDPP | 95.9 | <MDL–240.7 | 10.5 |
| 2-tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | 2tBPDPP | 20.3 | <MDL–0.6 | <MDL |
| bis(2-isopropylphenyl) phenyl phosphate | B2IPPPP | 98.6 | <MDL–567.5 | 44.2 |
| 4-isopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | 4-IPPDPP | 98.6 | <MDL–666.3 | 36.4 |
| 2,4-diisopropylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | 2,4-DIPPDPP | 86.5 | <MDL–544.9 | 36.6 |
| 4-tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate | 4tBPDPP | 98.6 | <MDL–708.9 | 59.2 |
| bis(3-isopropylphenyl) phenyl phosphate | B3IPPPP | 28.4 | <MDL–10.6 | <MDL |
| bis(2-tert-butylphenyl) phenyl phosphate | B2tBPPP | 13.5 | <MDL–0.9 | <MDL |
| bis(4-isopropylphenyl) phenyl phosphate | B4IPPPP | 95.9 | <MDL–83.2 | 4.4 |
| tris(3-isopropylphenyl) phosphate | T3IPPP | 14.9 | <MDL–10.2 | <MDL |
| bis(2,4-diisopropylphenyl) phenyl phosphate | B24DIPPPP | 29.7 | <MDL–49.2 | <MDL |
| bis(4-tert-butylphenyl) phenyl phosphate | B4tBPPP | 91.9 | <MDL–307.2 | 23.4 |
| tris(4-isopropylphenyl) phosphate | T4IPPP | 10.8 | <MDL–3.2 | <MDL |
| tris(4-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate | T4tBPP | 79.7 | <MDL–57.8 | 3.2 |
| Pesticides | ||||
| lindane | 23.0 | <MDL–4.6 | <MDL | |
| chlorpyrifos | 71.6 | <MDL–103.2 | 3.6 | |
| trans-chlordane | 82.4 | <MDL–523.1 | 11.9 | |
| cis-chlordane | 48.6 | <MDL–301.6 | <MDL | |
| chlorfenapyr | 8.1 | <MDL–12.5% | <MDL | |
| cis-permethrin | 100.0 | 1.8–7018.6 | 60.3 | |
| trans-permethrin | 100.0 | 3.1–9000.4 | 86.6 | |
| cypermethrin | 35.1 | <MDL–1930.6 | <MDL | |
| azoxystrobin | 55.4 | <MDL–64.8 | 4.3 | |
| Phthalates | ||||
| dimethyl phthalate | DMP | 54.1 | <MDL–167.7 | 51.5 |
| diethyl phthalate | DEP | 100.0 | 176.9–16813.8 | 1635.3 |
| diisobutyl phthalate | DiBP | 13.5 | <MDL–11168.1 | <MDL |
| dibutyl phthalate | DBP | 100.0 | 313.7–5425.9 | 1314.0 |
| butyl benzyl phthalate | BBP | 100.0 | 101.1–11894.4 | 631.3 |
| di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate | DEHA | 100.0 | 160.1–21834.4 | 1674.6 |
| bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate | DEHP | 100.0 | 3103.4–56566.2 | 13,456.9 |
| bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate | DEHT | 100.0 | 2896.0–59366.6 | 12,425.3 |
| diisononyl phthalate | DiNP | 100.0 | 5852.1–1360295.9 | 62,942.5 |
| tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate | TOTM | 100.0 | 47.7–5450.4 | 480.3 |
a
Descriptive statistics and detection frequencies for wristband extract concentrations of various semivolatile organic contaminants following blank correction as described in Materials and Methods.