Table 4.

Estimates of (co)variance components and variance ratios from the multiple-trait animal model application

	Variance components and genetic parameters1
Traits	${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2$	${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{e}}^2$	${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{a}}^2$	${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{m}}^2$	${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{c}}^2$	${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}}$	$r_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}}$	$h_{\mathrm{d}}^2$	$h_{\mathrm{m}}^2$	$c^2$
T-LEN	1.57	0.79	0.66	0.07	0.05	–0.08	–0.35	0.42	0.05	0.03
BW	0.13	0.11	0.01	0.01	0.00	0.01	–0.49	0.07	0.10	0.02
WW	2.39	1.84	0.29	0.17	0.09	–0.10	–0.44	0.12	0.07	0.04
PWW	21.95	14.60	4.82	1.85	0.69	–2.67	–0.90	0.22	0.08	0.03
ADG2	3.24	2.37	0.50	0.21	0.17	–0.17	–0.54	0.15	0.07	0.05

¹ ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{p}}^2$, phenotypic variance, ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{e}}^2$, residual variance, ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_a^2$, direct genetic variance, ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{m}}^2$, maternal genetic variance, ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{c}}^2$, permanent environmental variance, ${\mathrm{\sigma }}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}}$, covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects, ${\mathrm{r}}_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}}$, correlation between direct and maternal genetic effects, ${\mathrm{h}}_{\mathrm{d}}^2$, direct heritability, ${\mathrm{h}}_{\mathrm{m}}^2$, maternal heritability, ${\mathrm{c}}^2$, common litter environment.

²(co)variance components: multiplication of given values with10³.

Standard errors for $h_{\mathrm{d}}^2$ and $h_{\mathrm{m}}^2$ ranged from 0.01 to 0.04; standard errors for $r_{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}}$ ranged from 0.11 to 0.19.