Table 2.

Progenitor cell populations used in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle constructs

Cell Type	Origin	Advantages	Disadvantages
Satellite cells	Skeletal muscle	Native stem cell for muscle regeneration in vivo Efficient differentiation Widely used in skeletal muscle tissue engineering	Invasive collection method Low yield isolation processes Senescence causes reduced myogenic potential after expansion in culture
Murine C2C12 myoblasts	Immortalised murine myoblast cell line	Rapid proliferation Efficient differentiation Commercially available Widely used in skeletal muscle tissue engineering	Immunogenicity in vivo
iPSCs	All tissues	Flexible choice of donor tissue Unlimited self-renewal	Highly inefficient process of cellular reprogramming Risk of tumour formation
MSCs	Bone marrow Umbilical cord	High proliferative potential Bone MSC collection is high yield Umbilical MSC collection is non-invasive	Lower myogenic differentiation potential than satellite cells Bone MSC collection is painful and invasive Low availability of autogenic umbilical MSCs
Minced muscle grafts	Skeletal muscle	Simple collection method high yield	Invasive collection method mixed cell types

iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells