Table 3.

Growth factors utilised in the development of skeletal muscle tissue constructs

Growth factor	Effect in vitro
IGF-1	Promotes satellite cell proliferation and differentiation, increases construct force production [94]
FGF	Promotes satellite cell proliferation and differentiation [95]
HGF	Released on muscle injury; promotes satellite cell proliferation, inhibits differentiation [95, 131]
PGE2	Promotes myoblast proliferation [96]
TGF- β	Inhibits satellite cell differentiation, promotes fibroblast proliferation, increases construct contractility [93, 132]
VEGF	Increased tissue construct neovascularisation and myofiber regeneration in vivo [97]

IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1, FGF fibroblast growth factor, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, TGF- β1 transforming growth factor beta