Table 2.
Univariate analyses of demographic and clinical characteristics of low- and high-risk patients with clinical N0 pathological T1b esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
| Variable | Low-risk group (n = 148) | High-risk group (n = 19) | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.067 | ||
| Male | 113(76.35) | 18(94.74% | |
| Female | 35(23.65) | 1(5.26) | |
| Age | 63.02 ± 7.3 | 62.05 ± 8.52 | 0.946 |
| Surgical approach | |||
| McKeown | 135(91.22) | 16(84.21) | 0.329 |
| Ivor–Lewis | 13(8.78) | 3(15.79) | |
| Minimally invasive esophagectomy | 122(82.43) | 14(73.68) | 0.356 |
| Open | 26(17.57) | 5(26.32) | |
| Number of LND | 24.48 ± 7.90 | 23.11 ± 6.60 | 0.504a |
| Tumor location in the esophagus | 0.904 | ||
| Upper third | 18(12.16) | 3(15.79) | |
| Middle third | 97(65.54) | 12(63.16) | |
| Lower third | 33(22.3) | 4(21.05) | |
| Differentiation | < 0.001 | ||
| Well | 70(47.3) | 2(10.53) | |
| Moderate | 41(27.7) | 5(26.32) | |
| Poor | 37(25) | 12(63.16) | |
| Depth of invasion | < 0.001 | ||
| sm1 | 93(62.84) | 3(15.79) | |
| sm2 | 43(29.05) | 5(26.32) | |
| sm3 | 12(8.11) | 11(57.89) | |
| LVI | 10 (6.76) | 0 | 0.243 |
| Tumor length (mm) | 17.18 ± 10.53 | 23.71 ± 6.85 | < 0.001a |
| < 20 mm | 81(54.73) | 1(5.26) | |
| ≥ 20 mm | 67(45.27) | 18(94.73) | |
Values are presented as number, number(percent), or mean ± standard deviation
aMann–Whitney U test; LND number of lymph nodes dissected, LVI lymphovascular invasion, sm1 invasion of the upper third of the submucosal layer or reaching the submucosal layer > 200 µm from the muscularis, sm2 invasion reaching the middle third of the submucosal layer, sm3 invasion reaching the lower third of the submucosal layer