Fig. 4. VEGF-C stimulated M1 further polarization and transdifferentiation into lymphatic vessel cells.
A Primary BMDMs subtypes were stimulated by VEGF-C in vitro, and then the expression of macrophage activation markers (iNOS for M1, arginase for M2) and lymphatic vessel markers (Prox-1, LYVE-1, and podoplanin) were measured by western blotting. B In vitro, primary BMDMs were analyzed by immunofluorescence for iNOS, LYVE-1, and podoplanin expression after VEGF-C stimulation or control treatment (CTRL) (400×). C M1 macrophages were treated with VEGF-C, siRNA for VEGF-C (Si-VEGF-C), and the VEGFR3 inhibitor SAR131675 (SAR-23/46 nM), and then the protein expression of iNOS, arginase, and lymphatic vessel markers (LYVE-1 and Prox-1) was measured.