Table 2.
Neuropsychological task performance (mean ± SD) at baseline and follow-up.
| WHOLE SAMPLE (N = 70) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline assessment | Follow-up assessment | P-value | |
| STOCKINGS OF CAMBRIDGE | |||
| Problems solved correctly | 9.37 ± 1.45 | 9.24 ± 1.42 | 0.514 |
| Mean moves | 4.09 ± 0.36 | 4.14 ± 0.41 | 0.277 |
| Mean initial thinking time | 5611.63 ± 4316.97 | 5048.33 ± 2826.96 | 0.108 |
| Mean subsequent thinking time | 416.62 ± 431.95 | 342.96 ± 374.58 | 0.116 |
| STOP-SIGNAL TASK | |||
| Correct responses—“stop condition” | 42.27 ± 5.99 | 44.17 ± 6.86 | 0.015 |
| Correct responses—“go condition” | 238.71 ± 1.48 | 239.14 ± 1.63 | 0.019 |
| Errors—“stop condition” | 0.53 ± 0.74 | 0.23 ± 0.52 | <0.001 |
| Errors—“go condition” | 1.31 ± 1.46 | 0.86 ± 1.63 | 0.012 |
| RT correct responses—“go condition” | 517.95 ± 124.02 | 547.21 ± 144.90 | 0.049 |
| SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY TASK | |||
| Total between-errors | 18.10 ± 14.69 | 16.87 ± 13.16 | 0.443 |
| Total within-errors | 2.26 ± 3.22 | 2.51 ± 3.64 | 0.625 |
| Total double-errors | 1.19 ± 2.35 | 1.06 ± 1.71 | 0.695 |
| Strategy score | 40.97 ± 5.32 | 41.54 ± 5.82 | 0.409 |
| Mean search preparation time | 1173.79 ± 403.97 | 1098.17 ± 387.58 | 0.058 |
| ATTENTION SWITCH TASK | |||
| Mean congruency cost—correct responses | 81.28 ± 54.22 | 88.93 ± 63.67 | 0.377 |
| Mean switch cost—correct responses | −108.32 ± 110.67 | −112.16 ± 84.19 | 0.739 |
| Total correct switched responses | 77.33 ± 7.61 | 79.84 ± 5.20 | 0.009 |
| Total correct non-switched responses | 72.30 ± 6.45 | 72.61 ± 4.57 | 0.666 |
| Total commission errors—switched responses | 0.07 ± 0.31 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.058 |
| Total commission errors—non-switched responses | 0.03 ± 0.17 | 0.06 ± 0.24 | 0.418 |
| WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST | |||
| Completed categories | 5.40 ± 1.12 | 5.57 ± 0.91 | 0.187 |
| Unrelated cards | 1.19 ± 1.92 | 0.74 ± 2.51 | 0.130 |
| Nelson perseverative errors | 1.96 ± 2.00 | 1.57 ± 1.57 | 0.147 |
| Milner perseverative errors | 3.23 ± 2.78 | 2.34 ± 2.20 | 0.028 |
| Nelson non-perseverative errors | 4.60 ± 3.66 | 3.50 ± 3.06 | 0.025 |
| Milner non-perseverative errors | 3.39 ± 3.24 | 2.73 ± 2.35 | 0.066 |
| PHONEMIC VERBAL FLUENCY | |||
| Correct responses | 36.99 ± 8.07 | 40.33 ± 9.70 | <0.001 |
| Perseverative errors | 0.74 ± 1.15 | 0.46 ± 0.76 | 0.038 |
| Intrusion errors | 1.74 ± 2.21 | 1.43 ± 1.55 | 0.300 |
| Clusters | 2.16 ± 1.49 | 2.19 ± 1.89 | 0.908 |
| Switches | 32.07 ± 7.51 | 35.07 ± 8.39 | <0.001 |
| SEMANTIC VERBAL FLUENCY | |||
| Correct responses | 55.07 ± 13.51 | 60.63 ± 13.35 | <0.001 |
| Perseverative errors | 1.20 ± 1.30 | 1.01 ± 1.32 | 0.363 |
| Intrusion errors | 3.33 ± 9.23 | 1.63 ± 4.58 | 0.077 |
| Clusters | 7.93 ± 2.47 | 8.27 ± 2.69 | 0.312 |
| Switches | 32.61 ± 8.47 | 34.03 ± 8.25 | 0.246 |
| TRAIL MAKING TEST | |||
| Part A | 21.70 ± 6.58 | 21.07 ± 6.80 | 0.418 |
| Part B | 41.59 ± 11.56 | 41.01 ± 12.77 | 0.669 |
| LETTER-NUMBER SEQUENCING | |||
| Total correct responses | 11.03 ± 3.25 | 11.20 ± 2.85 | 0.676 |
| RAVEN'S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES | |||
| Total correct responses | 52.43 ± 4.73 | 52.19 ± 5.80 | 0.585 |
| SCHIZOTYPY CONGRUENT GROUP (N = 54) | |||
| Baseline assessment | Follow-up assessment | P-value | |
| STOCKINGS OF CAMBRIDGE | |||
| Problems solved correctly | 9.39 ± 1.41 | 9.17 ± 1.42 | 0.301 |
| Mean moves | 4.10 ± 0.38 | 4.17 ± 0.41 | 0.239 |
| Mean initial thinking time | 5684.15 ± 4399.97 | 5053.24 ± 3019.83 | 0.112 |
| Mean subsequent thinking time | 390.75 ± 407.65 | 360.31 ± 391.39 | 0.569 |
| STOP-SIGNAL TASK | |||
| Correct responses—“stop condition” | 42.56 ± 6.16 | 45.54 ± 6.37 | <0.001 |
| Correct responses—“go condition” | 238.69 ± 1.56 | 239.19 ± 1.59 | 0.012 |
| Errors—“stop condition” | 0.52 ± 0.75 | 0.19 ± 0.52 | <0.001 |
| Errors—“go condition” | 1.35 ± 1.54 | 0.81 ± 1.59 | 0.007 |
| RT correct responses—“go condition” | 523.41 ± 120.82 | 562.60 ± 146.02 | 0.019 |
| SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY TASK | |||
| Total between-errors | 18.22 ± 15.88 | 17.43 ± 13.90 | 0.684 |
| Total within-errors | 2.44 ± 3.57 | 2.52 ± 3.70 | 0.908 |
| Total double-errors | 1.30 ± 2.63 | 1.13 ± 1.83 | 0.687 |
| Strategy score | 40.52 ± 5.76 | 41.31 ± 5.73 | 0.320 |
| Mean search preparation time | 1186.28 ± 409.65 | 1122.65 ± 421.64 | 0.159 |
| ATTENTION SWITCH TASK | |||
| Mean congruency cost—correct responses | 85.93 ± 56.20 | 89.69 ± 66.21 | 0.708 |
| Mean switch cost—correct responses | −104.98 ± 104.69 | −108.22 ± 85.79 | 0.792 |
| Total correct switched responses | 78.26 ± 5.85 | 80.34 ± 5.27 | 0.016 |
| Total correct non-switched responses | 72.79 ± 5.26 | 72.91 ± 4.38 | 0.886 |
| Total commission errors—switched responses | 0.08 ± 0.33 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.103 |
| Total commission errors—non-switched responses | 0.02 ± 0.14 | 0.04 ± 0.19 | 0.569 |
| WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST | |||
| Completed categories | 5.39 ± 1.09 | 5.56 ± 0.92 | 0.192 |
| Unrelated cards | 1.11 ± 1.70 | 0.83 ± 2.79 | 0.384 |
| Nelson perseverative errors | 1.91 ± 1.92 | 1.56 ± 1.59 | 0.236 |
| Milner perseverative errors | 3.07 ± 2.73 | 2.31 ± 2.20 | 0.115 |
| Nelson non-perseverative errors | 4.50 ± 3.62 | 3.50 ± 3.18 | 0.071 |
| Milner non-perseverative errors | 3.46 ± 3.46 | 2.74 ± 2.50 | 0.092 |
| PHONEMIC VERBAL FLUENCY | |||
| Correct responses | 36.20 ± 8.35 | 39.48 ± 9.17 | <0.001 |
| Perseverative errors | 0.76 ± 1.23 | 0.46 ± 0.77 | 0.066 |
| Intrusion errors | 1.83 ± 2.38 | 1.33 ± 1.58 | 0.179 |
| Clusters | 2.11 ± 1.63 | 1.98 ± 1.73 | 0.634 |
| Switches | 31.39 ± 7.69 | 34.81 ± 8.36 | <0.001 |
| SEMANTIC VERBAL FLUENCY | |||
| Correct responses | 55.02 ± 12.67 | 60.57 ± 12.76 | 0.004 |
| Perseverative errors | 1.13 ± 1.26 | 1.04 ± 1.41 | 0.684 |
| Intrusion errors | 2.81 ± 8.40 | 0.89 ± 1.99 | 0.109 |
| Clusters | 8.09 ± 2.42 | 8.48 ± 2.58 | 0.341 |
| Switches | 32.63 ± 8.06 | 32.94 ± 7.85 | 0.824 |
| TRAIL MAKING TEST | |||
| Part A | 21.99 ± 6.33 | 21.42 ± 7.02 | 0.522 |
| Part B | 42.27 ± 11.19 | 40.79 ± 10.98 | 0.291 |
| LETTER-NUMBER SEQUENCING | |||
| Total correct responses | 10.85 ± 2.93 | 10.89 ± 2.85 | 0.965 |
| RAVEN'S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES | |||
| Total correct responses | 52.30 ± 4.72 | 52.13 ± 5.67 | 0.748 |
RT, Reaction time.
Significant effects are marked in bold.