Figure 3.

Irradiation of tumor sites increased activation of DCs and T lymphocytes in TDLNs. (A) Scheme for radiation treatment of a bilateral Hepa 1–6 tumor model. (B) Representative flow cytometry dot plots showing profiles of activated DC populations and PD-L1 expressing DCs. (C) Quantification data showed that two fractions of 8 Gy radiation increased activated populations of CD11c⁺ DCs in TDLNs, as evidenced by CD40 and CD80 expression. Radiation also increased PD-L1 expression of CD11c⁺ DCs. (D) Both single and two fractions of 8 Gy increased activated T cell populations in TDLNs. RT, radiation therapy; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; SSC-A, side scatter analysis; FSC-A, forward scatter analysis; IFN, interferon; DCs, dendritic cells; TDLNs, tumor-draining lymph nodes. ^*P<0.05. ^†P<0.01. ^‡P<0.001.