Table 1.
Comparison between alcohol and non-alcohol etiology in baseline characteristics of patients
| Characteristic | Total (n=5,138) | Alcohol (n=2,027; 39.5%) | Non-alcohol (n=3,111; 60.5%) | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, male | 4,085 (79.5) | 1,980 (97.7) | 2,105 (67.7) | <0.001 | 20.13 | 14.90–27.20 | <0.001 |
| Female | 1,053 (20.5) | 47 (2.3) | 1,006 (32.3) | Ref. | |||
| Age (years) | 49.8±14.6 | 47.99±10.8 | 50.97±16.6 | <0.001 | |||
| Age bracket (years) | |||||||
| <40 | 1,049 (20.4) | 472 (23.3) | 577 (18.5) | <0.001 | 2.83 | 2.35–3.39 | <0.001 |
| 40–50 | 1,362 (26.5) | 734 (36.2) | 628 (20.2) | <0.001 | 4.04 | 3.39–4.80 | <0.001 |
| 51–60 | 1,560 (30.4) | 559 (27.6) | 1,001 (32.2) | 0.001 | 1.93 | 1.62–2.29 | <0.001 |
| >60 | 1,167 (22.7) | 262 (12.9) | 905 (29.1) | <0.001 | Ref. | ||
| LC complication | |||||||
| Ascites | 3,715 (72.3) | 1,666 (82.2) | 2,049 (65.9) | <0.001 | 2.39 | 2.08–2.74 | <0.001 |
| Sepsis | 877 (17.1) | 412 (20.3) | 465 (14.9) | <0.001 | 1.45 | 1.25–1.68 | <0.001 |
| HCC | 568 (11.1) | 128 (6.3) | 440 (14.1) | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.33–0.50 | <0.001 |
| HRS | 495 (9.6) | 259 (12.8) | 236 (7.6) | <0.001 | 1.78 | 1.48–2.15 | <0.001 |
| SBP | 930 (18.1) | 441 (21.8) | 489 (15.7) | <0.001 | 1.49 | 1.29–1.72 | <0.001 |
| Acute variceal bleeding | 1,386 (27.0) | 649 (32.0) | 737 (23.7) | <0.001 | 1.52 | 1.34–1.72 | 0.001 |
| Acute kidney injury | 1,132 (24.1) | 587 (30.5) | 545 (19.6) | <0.001 | 2.09 | 1.85–2.35 | <0.001 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 1,608 (31.3) | 831 (41.0) | 777 (25.0) | <0.001 | 2.39 | 2.08–2.74 | <0.001 |
| Decompensation | 4,355 (84.8) | 1,886 (93.0) | 2,469 (79.4) | <0.001 | |||
| Liver transplantation | 163 (3.2) | ||||||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypothyroidism | 522 (10.6) | 103 (5.2) | 419 (14.1) | <0.001 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,844 (37.4) | 590 (30.0) | 1,254 (42.3) | <0.001 | 0.58 | 0.52–0.66 | 0.001 |
| Obesity | 572 (11.6) | 202 (10.3) | 370 (12.5) | 0.020 | 0.803 | 0.67–0.96 | 0.020 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.91 (0.01, 12.8) | 1.0 (0.01, 11.6) | 0.86 (0.01, 12.8) | <0.001 | |||
| Serum bilirubin, total (mg/dL) | 2.7 (0.2, 59.7) | 3.9 (0.2, 59.7) | 2.1 (0.2, 48.1) | <0.001 | |||
| INR | 1.64±0.66 | 1.80±0.68 | 1.54±0.62 | <0.001 | |||
| WBC (109 cell/L) | 86.5 (2, 64.5) | 7.4 (0.5, 130.7) | 5.7 (0.1, 288) | <0.001 | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.37±0.6 | 2.22±0.54 | 2.46±0.62 | <0.001 | |||
| Platelet count (109 cell/L) | 64 (0.1, 288) | 68 (3.1, 602) | 70 (2.0, 645) | 0.037 | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.4±2.04 | 9.01±1.86 | 9.7±2.2 | <0.001 | |||
| Severity score | |||||||
| Child class | |||||||
| A | 427 (11.7) | 82 (5.5) | 345 (16.0) | <0.001 | |||
| B | 1,517 (41.6) | 466 (31.3) | 1,051 (48.6) | <0.001 | |||
| C | 1,707 (46.8) | 942 (63.2) | 765 (35.4) | <0.001 | |||
| CTP | 9.5±2.2 | 10.6±2.0 | 9.0±2.3 | <0.001 | 2.81 | 2.45–3.02 | <0.001 |
| MELD | 18.9±8.4 | 21.49±8.47 | 16.85±7.79 | <0.001 | 2.71 | 2.37–3.10 | <0.001 |
| Mortality at 1 year | 1,707 (33.2) | 857 (42.3) | 850 (27.3) | ||||
| Survival | 3,461 (67.36) | 1,170 (33.8) | 2,261 (65.33) | <0.001 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Ref., reference; LC, liver cirrhosis; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HRS, hepatorenal syndrome; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; INR, international normalised ratio; WBC, white blood cell; CTP, Child-Pugh; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.