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. 2021 Jan 21;11:1885. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81482-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ROS levels in cultured Müller cells (TR-MUL5) exposed to rapamycin and/or VEGF under physiological (5.5 mM) and high-glucose (25 mM) conditions. Flow cytometry analyses showed significant increases in intracellular ROS levels in TR-MUL5 under a high-glucose condition, and these increases were significantly suppressed by rapamycin. In addition, flow cytometry analyses showed significant increases in intracellular levels of ROS in TR-MUL5 exposed to VEGF, and these increases were significantly suppressed by rapamycin (P < 0.0018, the Bonferroni correction).