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. 2021 Jan 21;11:261. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80025-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pliocene and Pleistocene global mean sea level estimates. POS-derived Pliocen and Pleistocene GMSL are indicated by silver³⁴ and black (this study) markers, respectively (age uncertainties are 2σ; the GMSL of the marker corresponds to the mode and the error bars to the 16th and 84th percentiles). Thermal expansion correction is not applied for any of these estimates. Brown and cyan curves show two oxygen isotope based sea level reconstructions (brown is the GMSL derived estimates from the planktonic foraminifera and the marginal basin residence time²⁴ and cyan is the GMSL curve derived from the conversion of LR04 benthic foraminiferal δ¹⁸O stack by scaling with a calibration of 0.011 ppt m⁻¹ as in²³).