Table 1.
Demographics of the study population according the change in MetS components.
| No-MetS (–/–) | Post-MetS (–/+) | Pre-MetS (+/–) | Both-MetS (+/+) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 8,167,333) | (n = 1,438,425) | (n = 1,105,622) | (n = 2,599,544) | |
| At second visit (index year) | ||||
| Age, years | 46.4 ± 13.1 | 53.7 ± 12.9 | 54.3 ± 12.9 | 59.0 ± 12.0 |
| Male, n (%) | 4,297,945 (52.6) | 820,951 (57.1) | 643,050 (58.2) | 1,288,805 (49.6) |
| BMI, kg/ m2 | 22.8 ± 2.8 | 25.1 ± 3.0 | 24.7 ± 2.9 | 26.0 ± 3.1 |
| Body weight, kg | 61.6 ± 10.6 | 67.3 ± 12.1 | 66.2 ± 11.7 | 68.2 ± 12.5 |
| Height, cm | 164.2 ± 8.9 | 163.2 ± 9.6 | 163.2 ± 9.6 | 161.4 ± 9.7 |
| WC, cm | 77.4 ± 8.0 | 85.0 ± 7.8 | 82.8 ± 7.7 | 87.3 ± 8.1 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1,856,325 (22.8) | 342,407 (23.8) | 263,912 (23.9) | 494,569 (19.0) |
| Heavy drinker, n (%) | 429,794 (5.3) | 106,839 (7.5) | 78,270 (7.1) | 170,747 (6.6) |
| Regular exercise, n (%) | 4,579,387 (56.1) | 750,991 (52.2) | 591,503 (53.5) | 1,273,424 (49.0) |
| Income lower 25%, n (%) | 1,754,695 (21.5) | 325,070 (22.6) | 252,501 (22.8) | 603,356 (23.2) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 113,671 (1.4) | 106,124 (7.4) | 74,375 (6.7) | 681,161 (26.2) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 601,039 (7.4) | 422,136 (29.4) | 264,618 (23.9) | 1,488,282 (57.3) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 91.6 ± 36.6 | 87.8 ± 35.0 | 88.2 ± 36.4 | 84.7 ± 34.4 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 92.1 ± 14.3 | 104.3 ± 22.8 | 98.56 ± 22.33 | 112.69 ± 31.97 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 118.3 ± 13.4 | 129.4 ± 13.8 | 124.75 ± 13.9 | 130.8 ± 14.6 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74.0 ± 9.3 | 80.3 ± 9.6 | 77.62 ± 9.39 | 80.16 ± 9.92 |
| TC, mg/dL | 192.0 ± 33.2 | 205.1 ± 40.0 | 201.93 ± 36.02 | 197.37 ± 42.12 |
| TG, mg/dL | 93.7 (93.7–93.8) | 158.0 (157.9–158.1) | 122.91 (122.8–123.02) | 163.19 (163.09–163.3) |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.0 ± 14.1 | 50.2 ± 14.1 | 53.1 ± 13.8 | 49.1 ± 13.9 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.2 ± 35.2 | 120.4 ± 41.9 | 122.0 ± 37.6 | 112.5 ± 44.0 |
| At first visit | ||||
| BMI, kg/ m2 | 22.7 ± 2.7 | 24.73 ± 2.83 | 25.05 ± 2.88 | 26.08 ± 3.07 |
| WC, cm | 77.0 ± 8.0 | 82.74 ± 7.55 | 84.97 ± 7.64 | 87.25 ± 7.94 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89.6 ± 44.2 | 86.39 ± 38.56 | 85.56 ± 37.99 | 83.04 ± 36.12 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 91.6 ± 14.5 | 97.3 ± 21.66 | 104.33 ± 23.23 | 111.91 ± 32.12 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 118.1 ± 13.3 | 124.68 ± 14.11 | 129.76 ± 13.75 | 131.38 ± 14.78 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 73.9 ± 9.2 | 77.79 ± 9.48 | 80.50 ± 9.57 | 80.86 ± 9.98 |
| TC, mg/dL | 190.0 ± 33.0 | 205.33 ± 36.46 | 203.88 ± 38.4 | 203.91 ± 42.2 |
| TG, mg/dL | 92.8 (92.8–92.8) | 125.71 (125.61–125.8) | 162.6 (162.4–162.8) | 170.9 (170.8–171.0) |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, median value (interquartile range) or n (%).
MetS metabolic syndrome, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, BP blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.