. 2021 Jan 8;8:606643. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.606643

Table 2.

Mean values and 95% confidence intervals of key hemostasis measures in term infants, preterm infants, children, and adolescents compared to normal adult values based on the Andrew et al. series (46–48).

Test	GA	1 day	30 days	180 days	1–5 years	6–10 years	11–16 years	Adult
PT (s)	Term	13.0 (12.6–13.4)	11.8 (11.5–12.1)	12.3 (12.1–12.5)				12.4 (10.8–13.9)⁺
	Preterm	13 (10.6–16.2)	11.8 (10–13.6)	12.5 (10–15)
					11 (10.6–11.4)	11.1 (10.1–12.1)	11.2 (10.2–12)	12 (11–14)⁺⁺
aPTT (s)	Term	42.9 (41.4–44.4)^*^#	40.4 (38.6–42.2)^*	35.5 (34.4–36.6)				33.5 (26.6–40.3)⁺
	Preterm	53.6 (27.5–79.4)^*^#	44.7 (26.9–62.5)^*	37.5 (21.7–53.3)
					30 (24–36)	31 (26–36)	32 (26–37)	33 (27–40)⁺⁺
TT (s)	Term	23.5 (22.9–24.1)	24.3 (23.6–25)	25.5 (24.6–26.4)				25 (19.7–30.3)
	Preterm	24.8 (19.2–30.4)	24.4 (18.8–29.9)	25.2 (18.9–31.5)
Fibrinogen (g/L)	Term	2.83 (2.68–2.98)^#	2.7 (2.57–2.83)	2.51 (2.32–2.7)	2.76 (1.7–4.05)	2.79 (1.57–4)	3 (1.54–4.48)	2.78 (1.56–4)
	Preterm	2.43 (1.5–3.73)^#	2.54 (1.5–4.14)	2.28 (1.5–3.6)^*
BT					6 (2.5–10)^*	7 (2.5–13)^*	5 (3–8)^*	4 (1–7)
Factor II (u/mL)	Term	0.48 (0.45–0.51)^*	0.68 (0.64–0.72)^*^#	0.88 (0.84–0.92)^*	0.94 (0.71–1.16)^*	0.88 (0.67–1.07)^*	0.83 (0.61–1.04)^*	1.08 (0.7–1.46)
	Preterm	0.45 (0.2–0.77)^*	0.57 (0.36–0.95)^*^#	0.87 (0.51–1.23)^*
Factor V (u/mL)	Term	0.72 (0.68–0.77)^*^#	0.98 (0.94–1.02)^*	0.91 (0.86–0.96)^*	1.03 (0.79–1.27)	0.9 (0.63–1.16)^*	0.77 (0.55–0.99)^*	1.06 (0.62–1.5)
	Preterm	0.88 (0.41–1.44)^#	1.02 (0.48–1.56)^*	1.02 (0.58–1.46)^*
Factor VII (u/mL)	Term	0.66 (0.61–0.71)^*	0.90 (0.84–0.96)^*	0.87 (0.81–0.93)^*	0.82 (0.55–1.16)^*	0.85 (0.52–1.2)^*	0.83 (0.58–1.15)^*	1.05 (0.67–1.43)
	Preterm	0.67 (0.21–1.13)^*	0.83 (0.21–1.45)^*	0.99 (0.47–1.51)
Factor VIII (u/mL)	Term	1 (0.9–1.1)	0.91 (0.83–0.99)^#	0.73 (0.68–0.78)^*^#	0.9 (0.59–1.42)	0.95 (0.58–1.32)	0.92 (0.53–1.31)	0.99 (0.5–1.49)
	Preterm	1.11 (0.50–2.13)	1.11 (0.5–1.99)^#	0.99 (0.5–1.87)^#
vWf (u/mL)	Term	1.53 (1.32–1.74)^*	1.28 (1.1–1.46)^*	1.07 (0.94–1.2)^*	0.82 (0.6–1.2)	0.95 (0.44–1.44)	1 (0.46–1.53)	0.92 (0.5–1.58)
	Preterm	1.36 (0.78–2.1)^*	1.36 (0.66–2.16)^*	0.98 (0.54–1.58)
Factor XI (u/mL)	Term	0.38 (0.35–0.42)^*^#	0.53 (0.5–0.56)^*^#	0.86 (0.79–0.93)^*	0.97 (0.56–1.5)	0.86 (0.52–1.2)	0.74 (0.5–0.97)^*	0.97 (0.67–1.27)
	Preterm	0.3 (0.08–0.52)^*^#	0.43 (0.15–0.71)^*^#	0.78 (0.46–1.1)^*
Factor XII (u/mL)	Term	0.53 (0.48–0.58)^*^#	0.49 (0.45–0.53)^*	0.77 (0.72–0.82)^*	0.93 (0.64–1.29)	0.92 (0.6–1.4)	0.81 (0.34–1.37)^*	1.08 (0.52–1.64)
	Preterm	0.38 (0.1–0.66)^*^#	0.43 (0.11–0.75)^*	0.82 (0.22–1.42)^*
Plasminogen CTA, (u/mL)	Term	1.95 (1.85–2.05)^*^#	1.98 (1.88–2.08)^*	3.01 (2.9–3.12)^*^#				3.36 (2.48–4.24)⁺
	Preterm	1.7 (1.12–2.48)^*^#	1.81 (1.09–2.53)^*	2.75 (1.91–3.59)^*^#
					0.98 (0.78–1.18)	0.92 (0.75–1.08)	0.86 (0.68–1.03)^*	0.99 (0.77–1.22)⁺⁺
AT (u/mL)	Term	0.63 (0.6–0.66)^*^#	0.78 (0.74–0.82)^*^#	1.04 (1.01–1.07)^#				1.05 (0.79–1.31)⁺
	Preterm	0.38 (0.14–0.62)^*^#	0.59 (0.37–0.81)^*^#	0.9 (0.52–1.28)^*^#
					1.11 (0.82–1.39)	1.11 (0.9–1.31)	1.05 (0.77–1.32)	1 (0.74–1.26)⁺⁺
Protein C (u/mL)	Term	0.35 (0.32–0.38)^*^#	0.43 (0.4–0.46)^*^#	0.59 (0.56–0.62)^*	0.66 (0.4–0.92)^*	0.69 (0.45–0.93)^*	0.83 (0.55–1.11)^*	0.96 (0.64–1.28)
	Preterm	0.28 (0.12–0.44)^*^#	0.37 (0.15–0.59)^*^#	0.57 (0.31–0.83)^*
Protein S (u/mL)	Term	0.36 (0.32–0.4)^*^#	0.63 (0.58–0.68)^*	0.87 (0.83–0.92)				0.92 (0.6–1.24)⁺
	Preterm	0.26 (0.14–0.38)^*^#	0.56 (0.22–0.9)^*	0.82 (0.44–1.2)^*
					0.86 (0.54–1.18)	0.78 (0.41–1.14)	0.72 (0.52–0.92)	0.81 (0.6–1.13)⁺⁺

aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; AT, antithrombin or antithrombin III; BT, bleeding time; PT, prothrombin time; TT, thrombin clotting time; vWf, von Willebrand factor.

Values that differ statistically from adult values.

Values that differ statistically in term and preterm infants.

⁺

Adult reference value specific for term/preterm infant studies.

⁺⁺

Adult reference value specific for children/adolescents study.