Table 2.
Cases and age-standardised prevalence in 2020 for blindness and percentage changes from 1990 to 2020 in adults aged 50 years and older, by cause of blindness
|
Cases (thousands) |
Age-standardised prevalence (per 1000) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Percentage change from 1990 to 2020 | 2020 | Percentage change from 1990 to 2020 | |
| Cataract | ||||
| Global | 15 200 (12700 to 18000) | 55·7% (51·4 to 59·9) | 8·38 (7·04 to 9·93) | −31·7% (−33·2 to −30·1) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 266 (211 to 332) | −4·3% (−7·3 to −1·4) | 1·88 (1·50 to 2·33) | −36·1% (−37·5 to −34·6) |
| High income | 456 (367 to 566) | 56·0% (48·2 to 64·6) | 0·877 (0·702 to 1·08) | −22·6% (−24·2 to −21·3) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 1010 (826 to 1210) | 78·4% (73·2 to 83·7) | 7·85 (6·42 to 9·48) | −43·8% (−44·7 to −42·7) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 756 (593 to 941) | 30·0% (24·9 to 35·4) | 9·06 (7·13 to 11·4) | −53·7% (−55·3 to −52·0) |
| South Asia | 5910 (4990 to 6970) | 51·1% (44·7 to 57·6) | 22·3 (18·9 to 26·1) | −46·4% (−48·1 to −44·5) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 5540 (4620 to 6590) | 67·2% (62·5 to 72·5) | 9·72 (8·14 to 11·5) | −43·8% (−45·6 to −41·6) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 1240 (1030 to 1490) | 54·4% (51·3 to 57·7) | 14·9 (12·4 to 17·8) | −30·5% (−31·7 to −29·2) |
| Undercorrected refractive error | ||||
| Global | 2290 (1790 to 2800) | 54·4% (48·7 to 60·6) | 1·22 (0·960 to 1·50) | −28·7% (−31·1 to −26·0) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 16·8 (12·8 to 21·1) | 9·0% (5·7 to 12·0) | 0·121 (0·0912 to 0·150) | −17·0% (−19·2 to −14·6) |
| High income | 46·1 (35·7 to 56·9) | 35·1% (29·9 to 40·5) | 0·103 (0·079 to 0·128) | −23·1% (−24·8 to −21·4) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 126 (97·5 to 153) | 97·3% (91·3 to 103·0) | 0·943 (0·731 to 1·14) | −31·2% (−32·9 to −29·6) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 84·2 (63·8 to 103) | 68·3% (61·5 to 74·7) | 0·875 (0·673 to 1·07) | −36·1% (−38·5 to −33·9) |
| South Asia | 976 (762 to 1190) | 25·8% (19·9 to 32·0) | 3·30 (2·59 to 4·00) | −52·3% (−54·0 to −50·5) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 933 (728 to 1140) | 91·5% (82·8 to 101·5) | 1·47 (1·16 to 1·79) | −27·9% (−31·0 to −24·3) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 111 (84·5 to 136) | 91·4% (85·3 to 98·0) | 1·14 (0·881 to 1·41) | −15·0% (−17·2 to −12·8) |
| Glaucoma | ||||
| Global | 3600 (2800 to 4410) | 61·8% (57·2 to 66·8) | 2·04 (1·59 to 2·49) | −31·9% (−33·0 to −30·6) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 178 (139 to 219) | 5·5% (1·9 to 9·3) | 1·25 (0·972 to 1·53) | −31·4% (−32·8 to −30·0) |
| High income | 785 (622 to 964) | 60·3% (53·0 to 69·0) | 1·41 (1·12 to 1·74) | −23·2% (−24·5 to −21·9) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 334 (256 to 411) | 105·5% (98·4 to 113·6) | 2·63 (2·01 to 3·23) | −36·2% (−37·6 to −34·8) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 463 (354 to 578) | 64·8% (57·6 to 72·3) | 5·69 (4·37 to 7·10) | −40·9% (−43·0 to −39) |
| South Asia | 577 (439 to 726) | 75·7% (65·1 to 86·7) | 2·26 (1·71 to 2·83) | −38·7% (−41·0 to −36·1) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 754 (575 to 957) | 52·4% (44·5 to 61·3) | 1·34 (1·02 to 1·67) | −48·6% (−51·3 to −45·6) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 510 (398 to 628) | 70·1% (65·1 to 75·2) | 6·64 (5·20 to 8·09) | −23·5% (−25·5 to −21·5) |
| Age-related macular degeneration | ||||
| Global | 1840 (1340 to 2420) | 69·8% (64·4 to 75·3) | 1·03 (0·755 to 1·36) | −28·0% (−30·0 to −25·6) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 62·5 (43·2 to 84·0) | 21·8% (17·2 to 27·5) | 0·437 (0·305 to 0·587) | −16·8% (−18·5 to −14·9) |
| High income | 595 (455 to 768) | 48·3% (40·8 to 56·3) | 1·08 (0·828 to 1·39) | −28·6% (−30·0 to −27·3) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 71·1 (49·1 to 97·1) | 142·1% (131·5 to 152·5) | 0·550 (0·379 to 0·747) | −21·2% (−23·3 to −18·8) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 194 (136 to 264) | 105·1% (95·0 to 115·8) | 2·23 (1·55 to 2·99) | −23·3% (−26·5 to −20·1) |
| South Asia | 296 (199 to 421) | 53·4% (42·4 to 65·4) | 1·05 (0·717 to 1·47) | −41·0% (−44·1 to −37·5) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 492 (340 to 673) | 104·0% (91·8 to 116·5) | 0·835 (0·578 to 1·14) | −27·3% (−31·3 to −22·9) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 130 (91·4 to 178) | 78·5% (70·2 to 86·5) | 1·50 (1·05 to 2·04) | −19·1% (−23·0 to −15·7) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | ||||
| Global | 861 (592 to 1230) | 150·9% (143·3 to 159·0) | 0·459 (0·316 to 0·658) | 14·9% (11·4 to 18·4) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 11·9 (7·96 to 17·3) | 26·6% (17·8 to 36·4) | 0·0842 (0·0565 to 0·121) | −6·1% (−11·8 to −0·2) |
| High income | 139 (97·2 to 196) | 53·2% (44·2 to 62·2) | 0·307 (0·215 to 0·433) | −13·7% (−17·6 to −9·7) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 203 (142 to 283) | 130·7% (121·7 to 140·5) | 1·50 (1·05 to 2·09) | −17·9% (−20·5 to −15·2) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 61·0 (40·1 to 91·8) | 169·3% (149·2 to 193·1) | 0·621 (0·413 to 0·928) | 0·9% (−6·2 to 9·3) |
| South Asia | 152 (101 to 225) | 190·7% (162·6 to 222·9) | 0·487 (0·330 to 0·708) | 17·9% (7·8 to 30·1) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 261 (171 to 387) | 286·7% (257·9 to 316·2) | 0·406 (0·269 to 0·602) | 44·5% (33·1 to 56·3) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 33·9 (23·0 to 49·2) | 177·4% (162·4 to 192·3) | 0·341 (0·234 to 0·498) | 25·7% (19·4 to 32·3) |
| Residual causes of vision loss | ||||
| Global | 9840 (8200 to 11500) | 69·3% (62·0 to 76·5) | 5·33 (4·46 to 6·24) | −24·2% (−27·3 to −21·3) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 647 (545 to 754) | 11·7% (8·7 to 14·9) | 4·63 (3·92 to 5·38) | −22·5% (−23·9 to −21·1) |
| High-income | 551 (461 to 650) | 48·5% (43·1 to 54·9) | 1·22 (1·03 to 1·44) | −16·5% (−18·5 to −14·4) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 1140 (940 to 1350) | 125·2% (117·5 to 133·1) | 8·69 (7·16 to 10·3) | −25·8% (−27·6 to −24·1) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 788 (631 to 959) | 73·7% (65·1 to 82·5) | 8·48 (6·79 to 10·4) | −35·6% (−38·8 to −32·8) |
| South Asia | 1670 (1370 to 2010) | 23·4% (12·1 to 36·5) | 5·93 (4·84 to 7·10) | −54·2% (−58·5 to −49·7) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 3850 (3230 to 4500) | 117·0% (108·1 to 125·6) | 6·35 (5·33 to 7·40) | −23·0% (−26·2 to −19·8) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 1200 (973 to 1440) | 54·7% (49·4 to 60·0) | 12·9 (10·4 to 15·3) | −30·0% (−32·1 to −27·8) |
Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. Data for all ages are given in the appendix (p 2).