Table 3.
Cases and age-standardised prevalence in 2020 for moderate and severe vision impairment and percent changes from 1990 to 2020 in adults aged 50 years and older, by cause of vision impairment
|
Cases (thousands) |
Age-standardised prevalence (per 1000) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Percentage change from 1990 to 2020 | 2020 | Percentage change from 1990 to 2020 | |
| Cataract | ||||
| Global | 78 800 (67200 to 91400) | 175·2% (170·9 to 179·5) | 43·4 (37·1 to 50·2) | 19·2% (17·8 to 20·5) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 3050 (2490 to 3620) | 49·7% (46·2 to 53·0) | 21·3 (17·5 to 25·2) | 0·4% (−1·1 to 1·9) |
| High income | 7880 (6660 to 9230) | 100·2% (94·0 to 106·5) | 14·6 (12·2 to 17·1) | −1·8% (−2·8 to −0·7) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 4350 (3650 to 5090) | 208·6% (201·8 to 215·7) | 33·9 (28·5 to 39·6) | −1·2% (−2·4 to 0·14) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 5020 (4230 to 5920) | 181·0% (172·6 to 189·6) | 58·1 (49·2 to 68·0) | 0·6% (−2·1 to 3·6) |
| South Asia | 27200 (23200 to 31800) | 180·7% (171·8 to 189·6) | 94·6 (81·1 to 109) | 1·7% (−0·3 to 3·6) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 26 800 (23000 to 30900) | 235·5% (228·3 to 242·7) | 47·1 (40·4 to 54·1) | 13·5% (11·7 to 15·3) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 4440 (3780 to 5160) | 150·8% (146·1 to 156·1) | 51·4 (44·0 to 59·3) | 11·4% (9·7 to 13·4) |
| Undercorrected refractive error | ||||
| Global | 86 100 (74200 to 101000) | 101·8% (98·9 to 104·9) | 45·8 (39·6 to 53·7) | −6·9% (−8·0 to −5·9) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 6340 (5400 to 7480) | 25·8% (23·2 to 28·3) | 45·1 (38·5 to 53·1) | −4·4% (−5·5 to −3·3) |
| High income | 8940 (7680 to 10400) | 69·6% (66·3 to 72·9) | 19·4 (16·7 to 22·5) | −4·6% (−5·6 to −3·6) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 5780 (4950 to 6780) | 162·3% (158·5 to 165·8) | 42·8 (36·8 to 50·0) | −7·7% (−8·8 to −6·6) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 4680 (3960 to 5550) | 140·5% (134·2 to 147·2) | 47·3 (40·2 to 55·4) | −10·7% (−13·2 to −8·0) |
| South Asia | 32 100 (27500 to 37900) | 94·1% (89·6 to 99·7) | 103 (88·2 to 121) | −23·4% (−24·9 to −21·9) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 25 000 (21500 to 29300) | 143·7% (138·4 to 148·7) | 39·4 (33·9 to 45·6) | −8·8% (−10·6 to −7·1) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 3210 (2730 to 3800) | 131·7% (126·7 to 136·4) | 31·6 (27·3 to 37·0) | 2·4% (0·6 to 4·1) |
| Glaucoma | ||||
| Global | 4130 (3240 to 5170) | 151·2% (147·2 to 155·3) | 2·29 (1·80 to 2·86) | 8·3% (6·8 to 9·9) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 213 (167 to 270) | 43·6% (40·0 to 47·6) | 1·47 (1·15 to 1·86) | −3·0% (−4·7 to −1·4) |
| High income | 596 (467 to 762) | 103·2% (95·7 to 111·5) | 1·09 (0·853 to 1·39) | −0·2% (−1·5 to 1·0) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 498 (390 to 623) | 191·7% (185·2 to 199·2) | 3·86 (3·02 to 4·84) | −4·7% (−6·1 to −3·1) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 325 (251 to 419) | 148·1% (139·1 to 157·7) | 3·76 (2·87 to 4·85) | −9·7% (−12·8 to −6·5) |
| South Asia | 952 (745 to 1200) | 145·2% (136·4 to 154·5) | 3·38 (2·66 to 4·21) | −12·8% (−15·0 to −10·6) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 1160 (916 to 1450) | 251·5% (242·0 to 262·0) | 2·01 (1·58 to 2·52) | 21·4% (18·3 to 24·8) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 391 (306 to 493) | 111·9% (107·1 to 116·8) | 4·57 (3·61 to 5·69) | −4·3% (−6·3 to −2·2) |
| Age-related macular degeneration | ||||
| Global | 6220 (5030 to 7570) | 150·2% (145·9 to 154·8) | 3·39 (2·75 to 4·12) | 10·6% (8·7 to 12·6) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 228 (182 to 282) | 51·1% (47·8 to 54·3) | 1·57 (1·26 to 1·95) | 4·8% (3·13 to 6·51) |
| High income | 738 (584 to 917) | 76·8% (70·5 to 83·3) | 1·39 (1·11 to 1·72) | −9·4% (−11·2 to −7·5) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 333 (269 to 407) | 202·2% (193·0 to 212·2) | 2·55 (2·07 to 3·13) | 1·5% (−1·2 to 4·5) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 493 (390 to 613) | 166·0% (156·5 to 175·6) | 5·48 (4·36 to 6·77) | −0·5% (−4·0 to 2·8) |
| South Asia | 1220 (968 to 1510) | 121·4% (112·8 to 130·2) | 4·18 (3·36 to 5·11) | −20·5% (−23·0 to −18·0) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 2760 (2210 to 3380) | 214·6% (204·7 to 224·4) | 4·61 (3·73 to 5·61) | 13·8% (10·7 to 17·1) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 453 (359 to 565) | 132·2% (124·6 to 140·3) | 4·96 (3·98 to 6·14) | 5·6% (2·3 to 9·0) |
| Diabetic retinopathy | ||||
| Global | 2950 (2140 to 3950) | 129·5% (123·2 to 135·9) | 1·59 (1·15 to 2·12) | 3·3% (0·4 to 5·8) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 134 (94·2 to 183) | 21·7% (17·3 to 25·9) | 0·942 (0·661 to 1·28) | −11·3% (−13·9 to −8·7) |
| High income | 386 (277 to 522) | 68·4% (63·5 to 74·1) | 0·802 (0·578 to 1·08) | −7·7% (−9·7 to −6·0) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 396 (290 to 533) | 185·6% (177·6 to 193·6) | 2·97 (2·17 to 4·01) | −0·9% (−3·1 to 1·4) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 399 (288 to 540) | 115·9% (106·3 to 125·6) | 4·14 (3·00 to 5·53) | −19·6% (−23·2 to −16·0) |
| South Asia | 389 (279 to 527) | 123·7% (114·5 to 134·5) | 1·28 (0·921 to 1·72) | −15·8% (−19·2 to −12·4) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 1100 (796 to 1500) | 182·7% (166·3 to 200·2) | 1·79 (1·29 to 2·42) | 3·2% (−2·6 to 9·0) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 138 (98·6 to 186) | 145·3% (138·2 to 152·4) | 1·44 (1·04 to 1·92) | 9·9% (7·1 to 12·8) |
| Residual causes of vision loss | ||||
| Global | 28 200 (24100 to 33000) | 104·4% (100·3 to 108·5) | 15·2 (13·0 to 17·8) | −8·3% (−9·7 to −6·9) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 4180 (3540 to 4950) | 34·6% (31·9 to 37·5) | 29·1 (24·7 to 34·3) | −5·7% (−7·0 to −4·4) |
| High income | 3060 (2570 to 3630) | 82·6% (77·6 to 88·5) | 6·32 (5·34 to 7·50) | −1·6% (−2·9 to −0·3) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 2710 (2260 to 3230) | 176·9% (171·1 to 183·2) | 20·5 (17·1 to 24·3) | −7·6% (−8·9 to −6·3) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 1090 (890 to 1330) | 112·1% (98·8 to 124·5) | 11·6 (9·40 to 14·1) | −22·1% (−26·7 to −17·6) |
| South Asia | 6900 (5780 to 8250) | 141·1% (132·4 to 151·1) | 22·9 (19·5 to 27·0) | −5·7% (−8·5 to −2·8) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 7850 (6780 to 9100) | 158·1% (148·7 to 167·5) | 12·7 (11·0 to 14·7) | −5·9% (−8·7 to −3·1) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 2410 (2020 to 2880) | 49·0% (42·0 to 56·0) | 24·7 (20·8 to 29·2) | −32·4% (−35·5 to −29·3) |
Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals. Data for all ages are given in the appendix (p 3).