Table 4.
Relative percentage contribution of each cause to age-standardised prevalence of blindness and moderate and severe vision impairment by superregion in 2020 in adults aged 50 years and older
| Cataract | Undercorrected refractive error | Glaucoma | Age-related macular degeneration | Diabetic retinopathy | Residual causes of vision loss | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blindness | ||||||
| Global | 45·4% (41·7–49·0) | 6·6% (5·6–7·8) | 11% (9·3–12·8) | 5·6% (4·3–6·7) | 2·5% (1·7–3·7) | 28·9% (26·5–31·5) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 22·4% (19·1–25·9) | 1·4% (1·2–1·8) | 14·8% (12·3–17·3) | 5·2% (3·8–6·7) | 1·0% (0·7–1·5) | 55·1% (51·0–59·6) |
| High income | 17·5% (14·9–20·5) | 2·1% (1·7–2·5) | 28·2% (24·0–32·3) | 21·6% (17·5–26·1) | 6·2% (4·2–8·8) | 24·5% (21·6–27·8) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 35·4% (31·4–39·8) | 4·3% (3·6–5·0) | 11·8% (9·7–13·9) | 2·5% (1·8–3·2) | 6·8% (4·5–9·6) | 39·2% (35·5–43·4) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 33·6% (29·4–38·0) | 3·3% (2·7–3·8) | 21·1% (17·7–24·5) | 8·3% (6·2–10·5) | 2·3% (1·5–3·6) | 31·5% (27·8–36·0) |
| South Asia | 63·1% (59·4–66·8) | 9·4% (7·9–10·9) | 6·4% (5·2–7·7) | 3·0% (2·1–4·0) | 1·4% (0·9–2·1) | 16·8% (15·0–18·8) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 48·3% (44·5–52·1) | 7·3% (6·2–8·5) | 6·7% (5·5–7·9) | 4·2% (3·0–5·4) | 2·0% (1·3–3·0) | 31·6% (29·0–34·3) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 39·8% (35·9–43·9) | 3·1% (2·6–3·6) | 17·8% (15·1–20·6) | 4·0% (3·0–5·1) | 0·9% (0·6–1·4) | 34·4% (31·4–37·7) |
| Moderate and severe vision impairment | ||||||
| Global | 38·9% (35·6–42·4) | 41% (38·0–44·1) | 2·1% (1·7–2·5) | 3·0% (2·5–3·5) | 1·4% (1·0–2·0) | 13·6% (12·3–15·2) |
| Central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia | 21·4% (18·8–24·2) | 45·3% (42·0–48·6) | 1·5% (1·2–1·8) | 1·6% (1·3–1·9) | 1·0% (0·7–1·3) | 29·3% (26·2–32·5) |
| High income | 33·5% (29·8–37·2) | 44·5% (41·1–48·0) | 2·5% (2·0–3·1) | 3·2% (2·7–3·8) | 1·9% (1·3–2·5) | 14·5% (12·7–16·8) |
| Latin America and Caribbean | 31·8% (28·4–35·3) | 40·2% (37·1–43·4) | 3·6% (3·0–4·4) | 2·4% (2·0–2·8) | 2·8% (2·0–3·8) | 19·2% (17·0–21·8) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 44·6% (40·6–48·8) | 36·3% (32·7–39·8) | 2·9% (2·3–3·6) | 4·2% (3·5–5·0) | 3·2% (2·3–4·3) | 8·9% (7·6–10·6) |
| South Asia | 41·3% (37·8–45) | 44·9% (41·3–48·1) | 1·5% (1·2–1·8) | 1·8% (1·5–2·2) | 0·6% (0·4–0·8) | 10% (8·9–11·2) |
| Southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania | 43·8% (40·4–47·2) | 36·6% (33·7–39·7) | 1·9% (1·5–2·3) | 4·3% (3·6–5·0) | 1·7% (1·2–2·3) | 11·8% (10·8–13·0) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 43·3% (39·8–46·8) | 26·7% (24·4–29·0) | 3·9% (3·2–4·8) | 4·2% (3·5–4·9) | 1·2% (0·9–1·6) | 20·8% (18·7–23·0) |
Data in parentheses are 95% uncertainty intervals.