Table 2.
Clinical information from the included studies.
| First author, target disease | N (LCT arm) | No. of oligomets. (LCT arm) | Site (LCT arm) | Modality of LCT (LCT arm) | N (control arm) | No. of oligomets. (control arm) | Site (control arm) | Modality of control (control arm) | OS (LCT arm vs. control arm) 1/2-year rate | P value | PFS (LCT arm vs. control arm) 1/2-year rate | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
He, NSCLC |
11 | 1 (60%); 2 (40%) | Lung 100% | Resection of mets. and/or CTx | 10 | N/A | Lung 100% | CTx | 100/70% vs. 80/40% | 0.026 | ||
|
Iyengar, NSCLC |
14 |
2 (50%); 3–4 (28.6%) |
Lung or mediastinum >70% | SBRT and CTx | 15 |
2 (40%); 3–4 (33%) |
Lung or mediastinum >70% | CTx | 1 year: 35.7 vs. 13.3% | 0.01 | ||
|
Sheu, NSCLC |
60 | Mean 1.28 | Brain (~50%) | Conventional RTx (76%) | 14 | Mean 1.23 | Brain (~50%) | CTx | 83.3/58.3% vs. 35.7/0% | <0.01 | 1 year: 46.7 vs. 18.2% | <0.01 |
| Yano, NSCLC | 44 | Surgery or RTx and/or CTx | 49 | CTx or SOC | 77.3/61.4% vs. 46.9/24.5% | <0.05 | ||||||
|
Frost, NSCLC |
90 |
1 (85%); 2 (8%) |
Brain 57%; bone 10%; lung 9% |
Lobectomy, CCRT, SBRT and 79% received CTx |
90 | 1 (76%); 2 (14%) |
Brain 32%; bone 22%; lung 21% |
CTx (96%) | 92.2/76% vs. 81.9/45.9% | <0.001 | 67.8/52.2% vs. 31/8.9% | <0.001 |
|
Gomez, NSCLC |
25 |
0–1 (68%); 2–3 (32%) |
Brain 28%; other 72% | RTx or surgery and standard maintenance | 24 |
0–1 (62%); 2–3 (38%) |
Brain 25%; other 75% | Standard maintenance | 84/68% vs. 62.5/45.8% | 0.017 | 52/28% vs. 20.8/12.5% | 0.022 |
|
Gray, NSCLC |
38 |
1 (50%); 2–4 (50%) |
Brain 100% | Thoracic surgery or RTx, brain RTx, and CTx | 28 |
1 (50%); 2–4 (50%) |
Brain 100% | CTx and/or Brain RTx | 71/54% vs. 46/26% | <0.001 | ||
|
Hu, NSCLC |
143 |
1–3 (81%); 4–5 (19%) |
Brain 44%; bone 35% | Surgery and/or radiotherapy and TKI | 88 | 1–3 (83%); 4–5 (17%) | Bone 42%; lung 33% | CTx (TKI) | 95.3/72.1% vs. 84.1/40.9% | 0.001 | 60.7/18.6% vs. 33.3/10.8% | <0.001 |
|
Song, NSCLC |
35 |
1 (46%); 2 (29%); 3-5 (26%) |
Lung 57%; bone 40%; liver 30% | Surgery or RTx and CTx | 35 |
1 (23%); 2 (40%); 3–5 (37%) |
Lung 60%; bone 54% | CTx | 51.4/28.6% vs. 31.4/5.7% | 0.002 | ||
|
Xu Q, NSCLC |
51 |
1 (49%); 2–3 (51%) |
Surgery or RTx after TKI | 39 |
1 (41%); 2–3 (51.3%) |
CTx (TKI) | <0.001 | 86.3/25.6% vs. 70.5/0% | <0.001 | |||
|
Ni, NSCLC |
34 | 1–3 (85%); 4–5(15%) | Lung 40%; liver 23%; adrenal gland 16% | TKI and MWA | 52 | 1–3 (89%); 4–5 (11%) | Lung (32%); bone (23%); liver (20%) | CTx (TKI) | 94.1/67.6% vs. 90.3/46.2% | 0.04 | 88.2/23.5% vs. 61.5/0% | 0.02 |
|
Shang, NSCLC (postop) |
105 |
1 (73%); 2–5 (27%) |
LN 46%; brain 24%; lung 19% | RTx or RFA and/or CTx | 47 |
1 (72%); 2–5 (28%) |
LN (72%) lung (32%) | CTx or BSC | 1 year: 72.4 vs. 72.3% | 0.519 | 1 year: 40.9 vs. 29.8% | 0.006 |
|
Gore, SCLC (extended) |
44 |
1 (32%); 2–4 (68%) |
Adrenal 25%; distant LN 23%: liver 23% |
PCI and cRTx | 42 |
1 (41%); 2–4 (60%) |
Distant LN 31%; Bone 26%; Liver 24% |
PCI | 1 year: 50.8 vs. 60.1% | 0.21 | 1 year: 23.9 vs. 20.5% | 0.01 |
|
Xu SCLC (extended) |
22 | RTx and CTx | 22 | CTx | 72.7/25.2% vs. 18.2/12.7% | 0.002 | 40.9/19.3% vs. 9.1/4.8% | 0.006 | ||||
|
Bouman-Wammes, prostate |
43 |
1 (81%); 2 (14%) |
LN 77%; bone 21% | SBRT | 20 |
1 (45%); 2 (40%) |
LN 65%; Bone 35% | Active surveillance | 72.1/35.8% vs. 22.6/0% | <0.001 | ||
|
Lan, prostate |
35 |
1 (26%) 2 (37%) 3 (20%) |
Bone 100% | Prostatectomy and ADT | 76 |
1 (8%) 2 (32%) 3 (30%) |
Bone 100% | ADT |
CSS 3/5 years: 90.8/63.6% vs. 87.9/74.9% |
0.773 | 82.8/62.8% vs. 65.8/38.2% | 0.184 |
|
Ost, prostate |
31 | 1 (58%); 2 (19%); 3 (22%) |
LN 55%; non-nodal 45% |
SBRT (81%) or resection | 31 |
1 (29%); 2 (32%); 3 (39%) |
LN 55%; non-nodal 45% |
Active surveillance | 70.9/45.2% vs. 64.5/32.3% | 0.11 | ||
|
Steuber, prostate |
165 | Pelvic LN ~90% | PLND or SBRT and ADT | 494 | Pelvic LN ~90% | ADT | OS 3/5 years: 99.2/98.7 vs. 98.2/95.4% | 0.23 | ||||
|
Parker, prostate |
410 | Bone 76%; distant LN 36% | RT and ADT | 409 | Bone 76%; distant LN 34% | ADT |
OS 1/2/3 years: 98.8/92.5/82.6 vs. 96.7/87.7/74.8% |
0.007 | 89.6/72.8% vs. 86.3/69.6% | 0.033 | ||
|
Tsumura, prostate |
22 | Bone or pelvic LN |
Metastatic RTx, prostate brachy, and HTx |
18 | Bone or pelvic LN | Prostate brachy and HTx | 94.4/88.9% vs. 95.5/73.3% | 0.0269 | ||||
|
Giessen, colorectal |
38 | 1 (95%) | Liver 100% | Hepatic resection and CTx | 215 | 1 (100%) | Liver 100% | CTx | 97.4/89.5% vs. 68/37.6% | <0.001 | 63.2/36.8% vs. 21.2/5.2% | <0.001 |
|
Ruer, colorectal |
60 | 1–3 (48%); 4–6 (30%); 7–9 (22%) | Liver 100% | RFA, surgery and/or CTx | 59 |
1–3 (31%); 4–6 (46%); 7–9 (24%) |
Liver 100% | CTx | 91.7/75% vs. 89.8/74.5% | 0.01 | 58.3/35% vs. 40.7/20.3% | 0.005 |
|
Ruo, colorectal |
127 | 1 (68%); 2 (26%); 3 (6%) | Liver 56% | Bowel surgery and CTx | 103 | 1 (53%); 2 (30%); 3 (17%) | Liver 41% | CTx (83.5%) | 63.8/25% vs. 35.9/6% | <0.001 | ||
|
Palma, multiple |
66 | 1 (46%); 2 (29%); 3(18%) | Lung 43%; bone 35% | SBRT and/or standard CTx | 33 | 1 (36%); 2 (40%); 3 (18%) |
Lung 53%; bone 31% |
CTx | 84.3/69.7% vs. 87.4/60.6% | 0.09 | 54.5/36.4% vs. 22.7/15.2% | 0.0012 |
|
Chen Y, esophagus |
196 | CCRT | 265 | CTx | 72.8/27.2% vs. 63.5/17.5% | 0.056 | 27.6/4.7% vs. 21.9/0.9% | 0.002 | ||||
|
Depypere, esophagus |
10 | Lung 50%; adrenal 20% | Esophagectomy ± lung metastatectomy | 10 |
Liver 50%; brain 30% |
CTx |
80/40% vs. 50/10% |
0.042 | ||||
|
Chen J, HCC |
34 | Lung 100% | TACE, RFA, resection, and sorafenib | 34 | Lung 100% | Sorafenib | 67.6/47% vs. 35.3/23.5% | 0.015 | (TTP) 11.8/0% vs. 0/0% | 0.009 | ||
|
Pan, HCC |
46 | Mean 2.22 ± 1.35 | LN 100% | RFA and BSC or sorafenib | 46 | Mean 2.74 ± 1.37 | LN 100% | BSC or sorafenib | 58.3%/11.7% vs. 17.9/0% | 0.001 | ||
|
Morino, bile duct |
33 | Median 1 (1–-3) | Liver 39%; LN 27%; lung 12% | Surgery, RT, RFA, TACE, and/or CTx | 34 | Median 1 (1–3) |
Local 35%; liver 29%; LN 21% |
CTx or BSC | 97/84.8% vs. 64.7/20.5% | <0.001 | ||
|
Schulz, head and neck |
37 |
1 (70%); 2–3 (16%) |
Lung 59%; bone 22% |
RTx or resection and/or CTx | 10 | 1 (100%) | Lung 90% | CTx or BSC | 67.6%/51.3% vs. 20%/10% | NA | ||
|
Falk, sarcoma |
164 |
Lung 51%; liver 7% |
RTx, RFA, OP ± CTx | 117 | Lung 69%; liver 7% | CTx in majority | 79.6/63.6% vs. 52.3/36.3% | <0.0001 |
LCT local consolidation therapy, OS overall survival, PFS progression-free survival, CTx chemotherapy, M metastases, P primary disease, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, RTx radiotherapy, CCRT concurrent chemoradiotherapy, SBRT stereotactic body radiotherapy, ATT aggressive thoracic therapy, TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitor, MWA microwave ablation, SCLC small cell lung cancer, RFA radiofrequency ablation, LN lymph node, BSC best supportive care, PCI prophylactic cranial irradiation, ADT androgen deprivation therapy, PLND pelvic lymph node dissection, IMRT intensity-modulated radiotherapy, TACE transarterial chemoradiotherapy, TTP time to progression, OP operation.