Table 1.
The effect of RLIPC on hemodynamics.
| Variable | Baseline | Reperfusion | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 h | 2 h | 3 h | ||
| LVSP (mmHg) | ||||
| CON | 135.3 ± 10.1 | 104.1 ± 11.2*** | 98.8 ± 5.2*** | 85.9 ± 11.6*** |
| RIPC | 137.5 ± 4.0 | 110.8 ± 6.3** | 111.5 ± 10.6***# | 104.3 ± 6.7***## |
| DM-CON | 139.8 ± 13.9 | 101.7 ± 7.2*** | 96.0 ± 4.7*** | 91.0 ± 9.5*** |
| DM-RLIPC | 136.7 ± 8.0 | 110.0 ± 4.8***† | 112.2 ± 6.8***†† | 105.5 ± 5.8***†† |
| LVEDP (mmHg) | ||||
| CON | − 5.3 ± 1.9 | 1.0 ± 0.3*** | 3.0 ± 0.8*** | 5.7 ± 1.6*** |
| RLIPC | − 5.1 ± 2.0 | − 1.2 ± 0.9**# | 0.7 ± 0.2***## | 2.2 ± 0.9***### |
| DM-CON | − 6.3 ± 1.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8*** | 3.3 ± 2.1*** | 5.4 ± 0.8*** |
| DM-RLIPC | − 5.6 ± 1.9 | − 2.7 ± 1.6*† | − 0.2 ± 0.2**† | 2.9 ± 1.1***†† |
| dp/dtmax (mmHg/ms) | ||||
| CON | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.6*** | 2.3 ± 0.9*** | 1.6 ± 0.6*** |
| RLIPC | 5.3 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.0* | 3.5 ± 0.7**# | 3.4 ± 0.6***### |
| DM-CON | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.7*** | 2.4 ± 1.0*** | 1.5 ± 0.6*** |
| DM-RLIPC | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 1.1* | 3.9 ± 0.8*† | 3.2 ± 0.3***††† |
| − dp/dtmax (mmHg/ms) | ||||
| CON | − 4.9 ± 0.5 | − 2.8 ± 0.5*** | − 2.2 ± 0.3*** | − 1.4 ± 0.7*** |
| RLIPC | − 5.2 ± 1.0 | − 4.1 ± 1.2***# | − 3.3 ± 0.9**# | − 3.1 ± 0.7**## |
| DM-CON | − 4.8 ± 0.8 | − 2.2 ± 0.9*** | − 2.1 ± 0.9*** | − 1.3 ± 0.6*** |
| DM-RLIPC | − 5.3 ± 0.9 | − 4.0 ± 0.4*†† | − 3.5 ± 0.8**† | − 3.4 ± 0.5**††† |
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. CON: LAD occlusion only, RLIPC: remote liver ischemic preconditioning, DM: STZ-induced diabetes. LVSP = left ventricular systolic pressure, LVEDP = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; ± dP/dtmax = maximum rate of increase/decrease in left ventricular pressure. n = 6 in each group.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus baseline, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 versus CON, †p < 0.05, ††p < 0.01, †††p < 0.001 versus DM-CON.