TABLE 6.

Effects of younger brothers, younger sisters, older brothers, and older sisters.

Variables	Mother–child closeness		Father–child closeness
	Main effects models	Interaction effects models	Main effects models	Interaction effects models
Models testing the effects of younger brothers
Only children (ref.)
Without younger brother(s)	0.08	0.21**	–0.06	0.06
With younger brother(s)	−0.40***	−0.25**	−0.34***	−0.18*
Missing	–0.15	–0.04	–0.14	0
Younger brother(s) × Daughter
Without × Daughter		−0.35***		−0.28***
With × Daughter		−0.30***		−0.29***
Missing × Daughter		−0.27*		−0.32**
Models testing the effects of younger sisters
Only children (ref.)
Without younger sister(s)	–0.02	0.17*	–0.08	0.07
With younger sister(s)	−0.19*	–0.06	−0.29***	–0.15
Missing	−0.18*	0	−0.23***	–0.04
Younger sister(s) × Daughter
Without × Daughter		−0.46***		−0.34***
With × Daughter		−0.33**		−0.29**
Missing × Daughter		−0.41***		−0.39***
Models testing the effects of older brothers
Only children (ref.)
Without older brother(s)	–0.04	0.14	−0.11*	0.03
With older brother(s)	0.06	0.21*	0.02	0.22*
Missing	–0.20	–0.05	−0.23**	–0.09
Older brother(s) × Daughter
Without × Daughter		−0.45***		−0.33***
With × Daughter		−0.37**		−0.42***
Missing × Daughter		−0.36**		−0.31**
Models testing the effects of older sisters
Only children (ref.)
Without older sister(s)	–0.08	0.05	−0.12*	0
With older sister(s)	0.29***	0.42***	0.10	0.22**
Missing	−0.16*	–0.05	−0.24**	–0.12
Older sister(s) × Daughter
Without × Daughter		−0.33***		−0.28***
With × Daughter		−0.41***		−0.35***
Missing × Daughter		−0.28*		−0.27*

All control variables are included in the models (control variables are the same as those included in the birth-order models), but now shown.

***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.